Linear logic (LL) is very expressive: the smallest propositonal fragment is already NP-complete and the whole logic is indecidable. One can simulate usual computational models as many counters machines. The decidability of the fragment multiplicative exponential LL (MELL) is an open problem. This thesis establishes a correctness result for semi-linear phase semantics from the proof of the decidability of the accessibility in Petri nets. Indeed, the provability in some Horn fragment of MELL corresponds to this decision problem in the Petri nets. This result is a first step towards the decidability of MELL fragment (Y.Lafont conjecture). The next chapter describes an encoding of the hamiltonian circuits problem into the multiplicative LL (MLL...