PENGARUH EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KARAMUNTING (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) PADA KADAR KOLESTEROL TOTAL DAN GLUKOSA DARAH TIKUS (Rattus norvegicus) JANTAN YANG DIINDUKSI DIET TINGGI LEMAK

ABSTRACT Background: The use of herbal medicine, as one element of complementary and alternative medicine, is increasing worldwide. The karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) leaves have the biological activity of active compounds as antioxidant agents that can reduce cholesterol and glucose levels in the blood. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the karamunting leaves ethanolic extract on total cholesterol and blood glucose levels of male rats (Rattus norvegicus), which were given different doses of extract compared to control after previously being induced by a high-fat diet. Methods: Twenty rats were divided into one control group and three treatment groups, namely P1, P2, and P2. The control group received 5% Na-CMC and the three treatment groups received ethanol extract of macerated and evaporated karamunting leaves with different doses, respectively 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg BW. Previously, mice were induced with a high-fat diet for four weeks, then continued extract treatment for four weeks. Measurement of total cholesterol and blood glucose levels was carried out at the end of the treatment. Result: Total cholesterol levels of rats in the extract dose group P2 (400 mg/kg BW) and P3 (800 mg/kg BW) were significantly different (P<0.05) compared to the control group. The blood glucose levels of rats in the P3 (800 mg/kg BW) were significantly different (P<0.05) compared to the control group. Karamunting leaves ethanolic extract reduced total cholesterol and glucose levels in blood along with the dose in this study. Conclusion: There is an effect of ethanol extract of Karamunting leaves on white male rats' cholesterol and blood glucose levels.   Keywords: karamunting leaves extract, total cholesterol, blood glucose, anticholesterol   ABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Penggunaan tanaman obat tradisional sebagai salah satu elemen pengobatan komplementer dan alternatif semakin banyak diminati masyarakat. Daun pada tanaman karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) memiliki aktivitas biologis senyawa aktif sebagai agen antioksidan yang berpotensi menurunkan kadar kolesterol dan glukosa darah. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak etanol daun karamunting pada kadar kolesterol dan glukosa darah tikus (Rattus norvegicus) jantan yang diberikan dosis ekstrak berbeda dibandingkan kontrol setelah sebelumnya diinduksi diet tinggi lemak. Metode: Terdapat 20 tikus yang dibagi menjadi menjadi satu kelompok kontrol dan tiga kelompok perlakuan,yaitu P1, P2, dan P2. Kelompok kontrol menerima Na-CMC 5% dan tiga kelompok perlakuan menerima ekstrak etanol daun karamunting hasil maserasi dan evaporasi dengan dosis berbeda, secara berurutan yaitu 200, 400, dan 800 mg/kg BB. Sebelumnya, tikus diinduksi dengan diet tinggi lemak selama empat minggu, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan perlakuan ekstrak selama empat minggu. Pengukuran kadar kolesterol total dan glukosa darah dilakukan di akhir perlakuan. Hasil: Kadar kolesterol total tikus pada kelompok dosis ekstrak P2 (400 mg/kg BB) dan P3 (800 mg/kg BB) berbeda signifikan (P<0,05) dibandingkan kontrol. Kadar glukosa darah tikus pada kelompok dosis ekstrak P3 (800 mg/kg BB) berbeda signifikan (P<0,05) dibandingkan kontrol. Ekstrak etanol daun karamunting menurunkan kadar kolesterol dan glukosa darah seiring dengan besarnya dosis dalam penelitian ini. Kesimpulan: Terdapat pengaruh ekstrak etanol daun karamunting pada kadar kolesterol dan glukosa darah tikus putih jantan.   Kata Kunci: ekstrak daun karamunting, kolesterol total, glukosa darah, antikolestero