Interinstitutional simulation of patients with COVID-19 during a remote acute-care advanced pharmacy practice experience

Introduction: Faculty and staff from Duquesne University and the University of Pittsburgh Schools of Pharmacy created a simulation activity focused on the care of critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Students on remote, short-term-care advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPE) rotations from both universities worked in comingled teams and completed two educational electronic health record reviews, complex simulation sessions, and debriefs. Individually, students completed two educational electronic health record reviews and verbal patient presentations before and after the simulation sessions. Objectives: Evaluate the effects of a simulation activity during a remote short-term-care APPE on student confidence and knowledge surrounding the care of a critically ill patient with COVID-19. Methods: Student knowledge surrounding COVID-19 short-term-care treatment principles was assessed through pre-/postcase-based multiple-choice examinations and an intermittent clinical examination (ICE). Student confidence and perceptions were gathered through anonymous pre-/postsurveys. The written examination and patient presentation recordings were compared from baseline to the final assessment using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: In total, 92 students participated in the activity. There was a statistically significant improvement from baseline to the final assessment (preassessment median [interquartile range (IQR)]: 55.3% [50%-60.5%]; postassessment median [IQR]: 68.4 [60.5%-73.7%]; P \u3c.001) on the written examination. ICE total scores improved from baseline (preassessment median [range]: 33 [28-36] vs postassessment median [range]: 36.5 [29.5-43.52]; P =.004) as well as the objective (P \u3c.001), plan (P \u3c.001), and monitoring (P \u3c.001) subdomain scores. Student confidence reported on surveys improved from baseline in all domains. Conclusion: Remote simulation sessions improve student knowledge and confidence and provide an opportunity for students to experience caring for patients with COVID-19 in a safe environment. Collaboration between schools of pharmacy can be successfully employed to leverage resources and expertise to expand opportunities for students