Factors influencing the processes of osseointegration in intraosseous dental implants

Osseointegration can be defined as a direct structural and functional link between bone and implant surface. Asymptomatic and rigid fixation of the alloplastic material in the bone is crucial for implant stability and long-term success of dental implant treatment. The connection between the implant and the surrounding tissue is extremely dynamic. This interaction is the basis for the formation of a new structure—the implant-tissue interface. The process of osseointegration is a combination of biological mechanisms as a result of which bone is formed on the walls of the osteotomy lodge growing to the implant surface (remote osteogenesis) and direct osteogenesis of bone on the surface of the implant (contact osteogenesis). The process is complex and there are a number of factors that affect the formation and maintenance of bone in the peri-implant space. The aim of the present study is to review the literature data on the factors influencing osseointegration in intraosal dental implants