Global Citizenship Education for (Unknown) Futures of Education: Reflections on skills-and competency-based versus virtue-based education

A ‘World in 2030’ survey carried out by UNESCO in the months May through September 2020 indicates that “climate change and biodiversity loss” by far are the biggest concerns of the around 15.000 participants, who at the same time indicate that education and multilateralism are seen as the most important solutions to global issues. In this article, I will discuss possibilities and limitations of (global citizenship) education in versions of skills- and competency-based versus virtue/value-based approaches as means of solving current global issues and concerns, including (unknown) futures of education at a local and global level