Nouvelles méthodes pour l’évaluation, l’évolution et l’interrogation des bases du Web des données

The Web of data is a mean to share and broadcast data user-readable data as well as machine-readable data. This is possible thanks to RDF which propose the formatting of data into short sentences (subject, relation, object) called triples. Bases from the Web of data, called RDF bases, are sets of triples. In a RDF base, the ontology – structural data – organize the description of factual data. Since the Web of Data creation in 2001, the number and sizes of RDF bases have been constantly rising. This increase has accelerated since the apparition of Linked Data, which promote the sharing and interlinking of publicly available bases by user communities. The exploitation – interrogation and edition – by theses communities is made without adequate solution to evaluate the quality of new data, check the current state of the bases or query together a set of bases. This thesis proposes three methods to help the expansion at factual and ontological level and the querying of bases from the Web of Data. We propose a method designed to help an expert to check factual data in conflict with the ontology. Finally we propose a method for distributed querying limiting the sending of queries to bases that may contain answers