Blind equalization for broadband access using the constant modulus algorithm

The cost of laying optical fiber to the home means that digital transmission using copper twisted pairs is still widely used to provide broadband Internet access via Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) techniques. However, copper transmission systems were optimally designed for voice transmission and cause distortion of high bandwidth digital information signals. Thus equalization is needed to ameliorate the effects of the distortion. To avoid wasting precious bandwidth, it is desirable that the equalization is blind, operating without training sequences. This chapter concerns the use of a popular blind adaptive equalization algorithm, namely the Constant Modulus Algorithm (CMA) that penalizes deviations from a fixed value in the modulus of the equalizer output signal. The CMA is set in the context of blind equalization, with particular focus on systems that sample at fractions of the symbol time. Illustrative examples show the performance of the CMA on an ideal noiseless channel and in the presence of Gaussian noise. Realistic data simulations for microwave and DSL channels confirm that the CMA is capable of dealing with the non-ideal circumstances that will be encountered in practical transmission scenarios