Monitoring Penggunaan Lahan Pasca Tsunami Guna Mendukung Pengelolaan Pesisir Berkelanjutan

Monitoring penggunaan lahan pesisir rawan tsunami berperan penting terhadap upaya pengurangan risiko bencana. Kajian ini dilakukan untuk memetakan penggunaan lahan secara multitemporal di wilayah pesisir pantai Aceh pasca tsunami 2004. Metode penelitian dilakukan secara kualitatif, data dianalisis secara spasial, dengan melakukan interpretasi citra multitemporal landsat TM 5 dan Landsat 8 untuk menentukan pola dan perubahan penggunaan lahan. Interpretasi dan analisis penggunaan lahan dilakukan dengan klasifikasi terselia melalui pendekatan maximum likelihood. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pola penggunaan lahan di daerah rawan tsunami yakni di sekitar pesisir masih banyak digunakan sebagai kawasan permukiman. Studi ini menunjukkan selama 15 tahun telah terjadi peningkatan jumlah pemukiman seluas 7418.9796 Ha, dan telah terjadi penurunan lahan terbuka seluas 6743,73 Ha. Sementara penggunaan lahan berupa vegetasi kerapatan tinggi mengalami kenaikan sebesar 672,76 Ha, begitupun vegetasi kerapatan rendah meningkat 459,11 Ha. Pertumbuhan permukiman di daerah rawan tsunami yang cukup padat dapat berimplikasi terhadap tingginya risiko apabila bencana serupa kembali terjadi. Upaya pengaturan, pemantauan, pengendalian dan evaluasi penggunaan lahan secara tepat di daerah rawan tsunami perlu dilakukan agar tingkat risiko bencana dapat ditekan.Monitoring of land use in tsunami prone coastal areas has an important role in disaster risk reduction efforts. This study was conducted to map temporal land use patterns in the post-2004 tsunami Aceh coastal area. The research method was carried out qualitatively, the data were analyzed spatially, by interpreting multitemporal Landsat TM 5 and Landsat 8 imagery to determine patterns and changes in land use. Interpretation and analysis of land use are carried out with supervised classification through the maximum likelihood approach. The results showed that land use patterns in tsunami prone areas, namely around the coast, were still widely used as residential areas. This study shows that over the past 15 years there has been an increase in the number of settlements covering an area of ​​7418.9796 hectares, and there has been a decrease in open land covering an area of ​​6743.73 hectares. While land use in the form of high density vegetation experienced an increase of 672.76 Ha, likewise low density vegetation increased by 459.11 Ha after the tsunami. The growth of settlements in a fairly dense tsunami-prone area can have implications for the high impact / risk if a similar disaster occurs again. Efforts to regulate, monitor, control and evaluate land use appropriately in tsunami prone areas are necessary so that the level of disaster risk can be reduced