This thesis aims to present in detail the various methods, tools of valuation, consider the advantages and disadvantages of each method and define in which situations the method should and should not be used. The methods presented in this work are some of the most commonly used methods of valuation. Some methods are simplified for easier understanding and usage for an average retail investor. In addition, this work explains some human failures, psychological biases and tendencies of both financial analysts and other entities in the financial markets. Knowledge of these failures and human inclinations is the basis for avoiding them. The culmination of the work is an analysis of the international company Walmart Inc. On which I demonstrate th...