Pemanfaatan Ekstrak Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) Untuk Obat Herbal dengan Metode Microwave Assisted Extraction

Kulit buah manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) telah dikenal sebagai salah satu sumber senyawa bioaktif yang bersifat antioksidan. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan ekstraksi kulit buah dan biji manggis untuk mendapatkan ekstrak dengan aktivitas antioksidan terbaik menggunakan metode microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). Proses ekstraksi dilakukan menggunakan pelarut campuran yang membentuk satu fase dan dua fase dengan tingkat toksisitas rendah serta aman bagi lingkungan. Studi kondisi ekstraksi terbaik dilakukan dengan empat variabel bebas, yaitu campuran pelarut dengan berbagai rasio (mL/mL), temperatur ekstraksi (ºC), waktu irradiasi (menit) dan rasio solid to solven (gr/mL) dengan nilai aktivitas DPPH scavenging, nilai TPC, dan %yield sebagai variabel respon. Pertama, dilakukan studi kondisi operasi terbaik untuk ekstraksi menggunakan metode MAE dengan bahan baku serbuk kulit manggis kering. Studi kondisi operasi terbaik dicari menggunakan pendekatan one factor at a time (OFAT). Setelah didapatkan kondisi operasi terbaik, dilakukan kembali ekstraksi menggunakan biji manggis dengan pengaturan sesuai dengan kondisi operasi terbaik yang diperoleh sebelumnya. Kemudian, dilakukan perbandingan terhadap kedua ekstrak yang didapatkan baik untuk aktivitas DPPH scavenging, kandungan TPC, serta kadar α-mangostin di dalam ekstrak. Kadar α-mangostin di dalam ekstrak diukur dengan analisa Liquid Chromatoghraphy-Mass Specthrometri/Mass Specthrometry (LC-MS/MS). Didapatkan hasil bahwa ekstrak dengan bahan baku kulit manggis lebih baik (IC50 DPPH = 9,47μg/mL) daripada menggunakan bahan baku biji manggis (IC50 DPPH = 37,54μg/mL). Ekstrak terbaik didapatkan dengan pelarut EtOAc:EtOH:air 2:1:2 fase polar dengan TPC 903,545 mgGAE/g ekstrak, yield 16,531%, dan kadar α-mangostin 0,11% menggunakan metode MAE temperatur 50ºC, waktu 4 menit dan rasio solid to solven 1:16. Nilai Rf 0,37 senyawa α-mangostin untuk uji TLC. ====================================================================================================== Mangosteen pericarp (Garcinia mangostana L.) has been known as a source of antioxidant bioactive compounds. In this study, mangosteen pericarp and seeds were extracted to obtain the extract with the best antioxidant activity using the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method. The extraction process is carried out using a mixed solvent that forms one phase and two phases with a low level of toxicity and is safe for the environment. The study of the best extraction conditions was carried out with four independent variables, namely a mixture of solvents with various ratios (mL/mL), extraction temperature (oC), irradiation time (minutes) and solid to solvent ratio (gr/mL) with DPPH scavenging activity values, value of TPC, and %yield as response variables. First, a study was conducted on the best operating conditions for extraction using the MAE method with dried mangosteen pericarp powder as the raw material. The study of the best operating conditions was sought using a one factor at a time (OFAT) approach. After obtaining the best operating conditions, the extraction was carried out again using mangosteen seeds with settings according to the best operating conditions obtained previously. Then, a comparison was made on the two extracts that were obtained for both DPPH scavenging activity, TPC content, and ƒ¿-mangostin content in the extract. The levels of ƒ¿-mangostin in the extract were measured by Liquid Chromatoghraphy-Mass Specthrometry/Mass Specthrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. It was found that the extract using mangosteen pereicarp as raw material was better (IC50 DPPH = 9.47ƒÊg/mL) than using mangosteen seed as raw material (IC50 DPPH = 37,54 ƒÊg/mL). The best extract was obtained with solvent EtOAc:EtOH:water 2:1:2 polar phase with TPC 903.545 mgGAE/g extract, yield 16.531% and 0,11% ƒ¿-mangostin content using MAE method temperature 50oC, time 4 minutes and solid to solvent ratio 1:16. Rf value 0.37 of ƒ¿-mangostin compound for TLC test