Due to their sensitivity to environmental contamination and their link with fish health status, innate immunomarkers are of great interest for environmental risk assessment studies. Nevertheless, the lack of knowledge about the effect of confounding factors can lead to data misinterpretation and false diagnoses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of three confounding factors (season, sex and body size) on laboratory three-spined stickleback innate immunomarkers. Stickleback immunomarkers present a strong seasonality with higher immune capacities in late winter-early spring and a disturbance during the spawning period in late spring-summer. Sex and body size have seasonally-dependant effect on almost all tested immunomarkers. L...
This study aimed to determine the link between reproductive status and immune activity in Cottus sp....
The threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) is a small-bodied teleost fish which is a major ...
International audienceIn this study, wild three-spined sticklebacks were sampled every six weeks, be...
Due to their sensitivity to environmental contamination and their link with fish health status, inna...
Innate immunomarkers reflect both environmental contamination and fish health status, providing usef...
Due to their sensitivity to environmental contamination and their link with fish health status, inna...
The relevance of a biomarker for biomonitoring programs was influenced both by the knowledge on biom...
Current understanding of the immune system comes primarily from lab-based studies. There has been su...
Current understanding of the immune system comes primarily from laboratory-based studies. There has ...
Current understanding of the immune system comes primarily from laboratory-based studies. There has ...
To improve environmental risk assessment, mechanistic models predicting the impacts of toxicants on ...
The three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) is a model species commonly used in ecotoxicol...
The three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, is a freshwater fish species commonly used in ...
This study aimed to determine the link between reproductive status and immune activity in Cottus sp....
The threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) is a small-bodied teleost fish which is a major ...
International audienceIn this study, wild three-spined sticklebacks were sampled every six weeks, be...
Due to their sensitivity to environmental contamination and their link with fish health status, inna...
Innate immunomarkers reflect both environmental contamination and fish health status, providing usef...
Due to their sensitivity to environmental contamination and their link with fish health status, inna...
The relevance of a biomarker for biomonitoring programs was influenced both by the knowledge on biom...
Current understanding of the immune system comes primarily from lab-based studies. There has been su...
Current understanding of the immune system comes primarily from laboratory-based studies. There has ...
Current understanding of the immune system comes primarily from laboratory-based studies. There has ...
To improve environmental risk assessment, mechanistic models predicting the impacts of toxicants on ...
The three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) is a model species commonly used in ecotoxicol...
The three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, is a freshwater fish species commonly used in ...
This study aimed to determine the link between reproductive status and immune activity in Cottus sp....
The threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) is a small-bodied teleost fish which is a major ...
International audienceIn this study, wild three-spined sticklebacks were sampled every six weeks, be...