Technical requirements for practical implementation of fault passage indication

One of the distinctive features of smart grids is feeder automation. Fault location is an important part of this feature and has become an essential function for distribution system operators. Reliable fault location expedites the restoration of power following an outage caused by a permanent fault. The most common type of faults in distribution networks is the single phase to ground fault. To locate earth faults in non-effectively earthed medium-voltage distribution networks, a number of methods have been put forward among which methods that are based on fault passage indication appear to be promising. This paper discusses the technical apparatus required for implementing two FPI-based methods in practice.©2021 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed