ADHD in preschool children

Svakim danom sve je više djece kojoj se dijagnosticira ADHD - sindrom. ADHD, odnosno hiperkinetski poremećaj, neurorazvojni je poremećaj kojega prati hiperaktivnost, impulzivnost i teškoća pažnje. Razlikujemo hiperaktivno - impulzivni tip, dekoncentrirani tip i kombinirani tip. Mnoga djeca s ADHD sindromom su preživahna, stalno u pokretu, imaju poteškoće koncentracije, nemirna su, teško im je pokazati da se znaju dobro ponašati pošto imaju potrebu puno se kretati. Tretman i pomoć okoline dovode do znatnog smanjenja poteškoća. Najvažnija je uloga roditelja i njihov pristup. Obitelj je jedan od važnih elemenata, jer pozitivan odnos doprinosi djetetovom razvoju. Važno je neetikirati dijete ukoliko ima dijagnosticirani sindrom. Jedna od problematičnih poteškoća s kojom se dijete susreće je nemogućnost pronalaženja prijatelja. Zbog svoje hiperaktivnosti i živahnosti, dijete je često odbačeno od svojih vršnjaka. Stoga, iznimno je važna i potpora vrtića i odgojitelja. Odgojitelji svojim kompetencijama nastoje koristiti posebne aktivnosti kako bi preusmjerili djetetovu pažnju, potaknule njegovu koncentraciju, poboljšali ponašanje djeteta, te uključili ga u društvo. Jedna od najučinkovitijih terapija u liječenju ADHD-a spada psihosocijalni pristupi, čija je glavna zadaća promijeniti djetetovo ponašanje. Ostale najučestalije terapije su terapeutske terapije, koje naglašavaju važnost uključivanja djeteta u sport te alternativni oblici liječenja. Cilj ovoga rada je upozoriti na teškoće s kojima se susreću djeca s ADHD - om te naglasiti važnost razumijevanja i pružanja potpore djeci.From day to day there are more and more children diagnosed with ADHD syndrome. ADHD or hyperkinetic disorder is neurodegenerative disorder followed by hyperactivity, impulsivity, and attention deficit. There are three types to differ: hyperactive – impulse type, deconcentrated type and combined type. Lots of children diagnosed with ADHD syndrome are too lively most of the time, always on the move, restless and it is a very hard work to teach them how to behave well, because they feel the constant need to move around. Treatment and help of surroundings leads to significant reduction in difficulties.. The most important role have parents and their approach. Family is one of the most important elements, because positive relations contribute to children´s development. It is important not to label children if they ADHD syndrome diagnosed. One of troublesome difficulties with which children come across is inability to make friends. Because of their hyperactivity and liveliness, child is often discarded from his peers. Therefore, exeptionally important is support of preschool teachers and kindergarten. Preschool teachers with their competency try to use special activities to redirect children attention, stimulate their concentration, improve children behaviour, and include in company. One of the most efficient therapies in treatment of ADHD include psychosocial approaches, whose main task is to change children behaviour. Other most effective therapies are therapeutic therapies, that put the highlight on the importance of children being included into sport and alternative forms of treatment. The aim of this thesis is to alert to difficulties with which children with ADHD face and highlight importance of understanding children and giving support to children