Fatherhood and relationship with children after divorce

Ovaj pregledni rad opisuje obilježja očinstva nakon razvoda braka, pruža uvid u značajne faktore povezane s kvalitetom odnosa oca i djeteta nakon brakorazvoda te utvrđuje povezanost obilježja očinstva i psihološke dobrobiti djeteta. Rad iznosi nalaze o slabljenju kvalitete očinstva nakon brakorazvoda. Uključenost očeva u roditeljstvo nakon brakorazvoda je relativno niska što se povezuje sa praksom dodjeljivanja skrbništva majkama (npr. Braver i Griffin, 2000). Pad kvalitete očinstva koji se povezuje s fizičkom razdvojenosti od djeteta može biti manji kod očeva koje obilježava želja i motivacija za ostvarivanjem kontakata s djetetom, financijska stabilnost i visoko obrazovanje (Shevchenko, 2016). Indiferentni i permisivni odgojni stil, kao i slabije iskazivanje podrške i blagotvorne kontrole prema djetetu mogu se povezati sa padom u kvaliteti očinstva nakon razvoda (npr. Bastaits i sur., 2012). Važan faktor u odnosu oca i djeteta nakon brakorazvoda ima i majka koja može pozitivno usmjeriti odnos djeteta s ocem nakon razvoda braka kroz kvalitetno suroditeljstvo, ili negativno, pružajući otpor ocu kroz postupke koji doprinose otuđenju djeteta od oca (npr. Markham i sur., 2007). Oslabljeni odnosi oca i djeteta nakon brakorazvoda povezani su sa sa pojavom internaliziranih i eksternaliziranih problema kod djece koji mogu otežati njihov adekvatan socioemocionalni razvoj i ostvarivanje psihološke dobrobiti (npr. Nielsen, 2011).This review describes the characteristics of fatherhood after divorce, provides insight into significant factors related to the quality of the father-child relationship after divorce, and deals with the correlation between fatherhood characteristics and the psychological well-being of the child. The paper presents findings on weakening of the fatherhood quality after divorce. Fathers' involvement in parenting after divorce is rather low, which is related to the practice of assigning custody to mothers (e.g. Braver & Griffin, 2000). The decline in the quality of fatherhood associated with physical separation from the child may be less prominent in fathers that have the desire and motivation to be in contact with the child, financial stability and higher education (Shevchenko, 2016). Indifferent and permissive parenting styles, as well as weaker expression of support and beneficial control towards the child may be associated with a decline in the quality of fatherhood after divorce (e.g., Bastaits et al., 2012). An important factor in shaping fatherhood is also the mother, who can positively direct the child's relationship with the father after divorce through quality co-parenting, or negatively, through actions that contribute to the child's alienation from the father (e.g., Markham et al., 2007). Weakened father-child relationship after divorce is associated with the occurrence of internalized and externalized problems in children that can hinder their socio-emotional development and psychological well-being (e.g. Nielsen, 2011)