Blending of pyrolytic oil from plastic with commercial fuels

Sadašnja stopa gospodarskog rasta neodrživa je bez uštede fosilnih goriva poput sirove nafte, prirodnog plina ili ugljena, stoga je potrebno osloniti se na alternativne izvore energije poput biomase, solarne energije, hidroenergije, nuklearne energije te mnogih drugih. Također, gospodarskim rastom dolazi do sve veće proizvodnje i potrošnje plastičnih materijala, a shodno tome i nagomilavanja plastičnog otpada što čini veliki ekološki problem. Procesom pirolize, kemijske razgradnje organskih tvari djelovanjem topline na visokoj temperaturi bez prisutnosti kisika, moguće je plastični otpad pretvoriti u gorivo, točnije u pirolitičko ulje. Kako bi se pirolitičko ulje moglo upotrijebiti kao motorno gorivo, potrebno ga je pročistiti frakcionom destilacijom i dodatnim postupcima te potom namiješati u konvencionalno motorno gorivo. U ovome radu proučena je mogućnost pročišćavanja pirolitičkog ulja te njegovog namješavanja u motorna goriva. Pročišćavanje ulja izvršeno je procesom ekstrakcije kapljevina – kapljevina pomoću niskotemperaturnih eutektičkih otapala. Utvrđeno je najučinkovitije selektivno otapalo; otapalo na bazi kalijevog karbonata, u omjeru otapalo : ulje = 0,1 : 1. Pročišćeno ulje frakcionom destilacijom frakcionirano je na benzinsku i dizelsku frakciju te je namiješano u benzinsko i dizelsko gorivo u omjeru motorno gorivo : PU = 90 : 10. Analizom mješavina ustanovljeno je da dizelska frakcija pirolitičkog ulja namiješana u dizelsko gorivo zadovoljava propisanu normu za dizelska goriva, stoga je pogodna za korištenje u dizelskim motorima. S druge strane, mješavina benzinske frakcije s čistim benzinskim gorivom nije zadovoljila propisanu normu pa stoga nije pogodna za korištenje u benzinskim motorima.The current rate of economic growth is unsustainable without saving fossil fuels such as crude oil, natural gas or coal, therefore it is necessary to rely on alternative energy sources such as biomass, solar energy, hydropower, nuclear energy and many others. Also, economic growth leads to increasing production and consumption of plastic materials, and consequently the accumulation of plastic waste, which is a major environmental problem. By the pyrolysis process, chemical decomposition of organic substances using heat at high temperature without the presence of oxygen, it is possible to convert plastic waste into fuel, more precisely into pyrolytic oil. In order for pyrolytic oil to be used as a motor fuel, it must be purified by fraction distillation and other treatments and then blended into a conventional motor fuel. In this paper, the possibility of purification of pyrolytic oil by liquid - liquid extraction process using deep eutectic solvents and its blending in motor fuels was studied. The purification of the oil was performed by the process of liquid - liquid extraction using deep eutectic solvents. The most effective selective solvent was determined; solvent based on potassium carbonate, in the ratio solvent: oil = 0.1: 1. Purified oil by fraction distillation is fractionated into gasoline and diesel fraction and blended with gasoline and diesel fuel in the ratio motor fuel: PU = 90: 10. Analysis of the blends showed that the diesel fraction of pyrolytic oil blended with diesel fuel meets the prescribed standard for diesel fuels and is therefore suitable for use in diesel engines. On the other hand, the gasoline fraction blended with pure gasoline fuel did not meet the prescribed norm and is therefore not suitable for use in gasoline engines