Measurement and analysis of exhaust gusses of marine engines

Utjecaj ispušnih plinova na okoliš i onecišcenje zraka s brodova pridobiva sve vecu pozornost. Zbog karakteristika procesa izgaranja i uporabe teških goriva, brodski dizelski motor jedan je od najvecih zagaivaca mora i zraka jer u atmosferu ispušta znacajne kolicine štetnih tvari kao što su: dušikovi oksidi (NOx), sumporovi oksidi (SOx) ugljikov monoksid (CO), ugljikov dioksid (CO2), ugljikovodici (HC) i cestice cae. Zbog toga je Meunarodna pomorska organizacija (IMO) propisala niz odredbi kojima se ogranicava, nadzire i sprjecava ispuštanje štetnih tvari u vecim kolicinama. Poznavanje procesa nastajanja štetnih tvari, u kojim kolicinama nastaju i njihovog štetnog utjecaja važan su faktor za unapreenje brodskih motora od strane proizvoaca, a takoer i za daljnje postroženje propisa po pitanju ogranicenja emisije štetnih tvari. U ovom radu opisan je proces izgaranja u brodskim dvotaktnim sporokretnim motorima, proces nastajanja ispušnih plinova kao produkata izgaranja, navedene su i opisane tehnike i metode koje se danas koriste na brodovima radi smanjenja emisije štetnih ispušnih plinova, te je dan primjer mjerenja i analiziranja sastava ispušnih plinova.The environmental impact of exhaust gas pollution from ships is receiving increasing attention. Due to the characteristics of the combustion process and the use of heavy fuels, the marine diesel engine is one of the largest pollutants of the sea and air because it emits significant amounts of harmful substances such as: nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx) carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrocarbons (HC) and soot particles. For this reason, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has laid down a number of regulations that limit, control and prevent the release of harmful substances in large quantities. Knowledge of the process of formation of harmful substances, in what quantities they are produced and their harmful effects are an important factor for the improvement of marine engines by manufacturers, as well as for further tightening of regulations regarding the limitation of emissions of harmful substances. This article describes the combustion process in two-stroke marine engines, the process of generating exhaust gases as a combustion product, describes the techniques and methods used on ships today to reduce harmful emissions, and gives an example of measuring and analyzing the composition of exhaust gases