Third generation ERP systems - analysis of development and future trends : Graduate paper

Današnji napredni ERP sustavi nastajali su kroz vrijeme, te u nekoliko faza. Razlog prelaska sa MRP sustava (eng. Material Resource Planning) koji se dogodio 70-ih i 80-ih godina prošlog stoljeća na ERP sustave bila je potreba za snažnijom integracijom procesa u poduzeću. Prema tome i integracija podataka je postala potrebna radi što veće funkcionalnosti sustava. ERP sustav se može definirati kao okvir za organiziranje, definiranje i standardizaciju poslovnih procesa potreban za učinkovito planiranje i kontrolu resursa organizacije. ERP u svojoj prvoj fazi predstavlja zajedničku bazu podataka poduzeća koja služi razmjeni informacija između različitih odjela u organizaciji. ERP druga faza dolazi u začetcima 2000-ih godina kada se tradicionalni ERP proširuje sa više modula. Integrira osnovni sustav sa lancem opskrbe, CRMom i skladištenjem podataka. Ovdje također dolazi do izražaja i upotreba interneta. Sa razvojem tehnologije 2010. godine dolazi do faze ERP III koja dodatno proširuje sustav sa Cloud i SOA tehnologijom, inkorporirajući društvene mreže i ostale web alate za bolju interakciju. Smatra se kako u ovoj fazi ERP prelazi granice poduzeća prema virtualnom sustavu vrijednosti. Neki od najnaprednijih softvera ERP sustava današnjice su SAP, Oracle Cloud, Microsoft Dynamics, IFS Applications i Odoo koji su evoluirali iz tradicionalnih u sustave treće generacije. Svrha ovog diplomskog rada jest analiza razvoja naprednih ERP sustava od njihovih začetaka pa sve do danas. Prikazano je i opisano nekoliko naprednih ERP sustava današnjice s naglaskom na njihove najvažnije značajke, implementaciju, te module i aplikacije koje podržavaju.Today's advanced ERP systems have evolved over time, and in several phases. The reason for the transition from MRP systems (Material Resource Planning) that occurred in the 70s and 80s years of the last century to ERP systems was the need for stronger integration of processes in the companies. Therefore, data integration has become necessary for greater system functionality. An ERP system can be defined as a framework for organizing, defining, and standardizing business processes needed to effectively plan and control organization’s resources. In its first phase, ERP is a common enterprise database that serves to exchange information between different departments in an organization. The second phase of ERP comes in the early 2000s when traditional ERP was expanded with multiple modules. It integrates the underlying system with supply chain, CRM and data warehousing. The use of the Internet also comes to the fore here. With the development of technology in year 2010 came the ERP III phase which further expands the system with Cloud and SOA technology, incorporating social networks and other web tools for better interaction. It is considered that at this stage ERP crosses the boundaries of the enterprise according to the virtual value system. Some of the most advanced ERP software systems today are SAP, Oracle Cloud, Microsoft Dynamics, IFS Applications, and Odoo that have evolved from traditional to third generation systems. The purpose of this graduate paper is to analyze the development of advanced ERP systems from their inception until today. Several advanced ERP systems of today are presented and described with emphasis on their most important features, implementation, modules and applications they support