Structuring Functional Training in Professional Soccer Players With According to Muscle Imbalances : Undergraduate Thesis

Sportska dijagnostika predstavlja niz postupaka kojim se nastoji što jasnije definirati karakteristike sportaša u cilju optimizacije sportskog treninga. Cilj ovog istraživanja je utvrditi postoji li funkcionalni mišićni disbalans prednjeg kinetičnog lanca kod nogometaša s obzirom na dominantnu i nedominantnu stranu. U istraživanju korišten je uzorak od 52 zdravih profesionalnih nogometaša seniora HNK Rijeka i FK Titograd. Prosjek godina nogometaša iznosi 22,89 ± 5,11; težina 76,58 ± 6,32 kg i visina 182,30 ± 5,82 cm. Metoda koju smo koristili u istraživanju je tenziomiografija (TMG). Varijable koje smo koristili: vrijeme kontrakcije () i maksimalni pomak trbuha mišića () na testiranim mišićima: tibialis anterior (TA), rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), rectus abdominis (RA). Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju da ne postoji funkcionalni mišićni disbalans prednjeg kinetičkog lanca s obzirom na dominantnu i nedominantnu stranu. Usprkos opće poznatom razmišljanju nogometnih stručnjaka kako u nogometu prevladavaju unilateralne aktivnosti te mišljenja kako te unilateralne aktivnosti izazivaju bilateralne disbalanse. Detaljnijim proučavanjem strukturalne i anatomske analizom nogometne igre uvidjeli smo kako nogometna igra podjednako opterećuje obje strane lokomotornog aparata. Iz dobivenih rezultata možemo zaključiti kako bilateralni funkcionalni mišićni disbalans prednjeg kinetičkog lanca predstavlja rijetkost. Iako je rijetkost, kod određenog broja nogometaša postoji, a kao takvog ga možemo uz pomoć funkcionalnog preventivnog treninga prevenirati. Uz pomoć dobivenih rezultata TMG-a kreira se opći (ili individualizirani) preventivni program za nogometaše s ciljem prevencije ozljeda.Sports diagnostics is a series of procedures that seek to define as clearly as possible the characteristics of athletes in order to optimize sports training. The aim of this study is to determine whether there is functional muscle imbalance front kinetic chain in football players with respect to the dominant and nondominant sides. The study used a sample of 52 healthy professional soccer players seniors from HNK Rijeka and FK Titograd. The average age of the team is 22.89 ± 5.11; weight 76.58 ± 6.32 kg and height 182.30 ± 5.82 cm. The method we used in the study is tensiomyography (TMG). The variables used in are: contraction time (), maximal displacement of the muscle belly () on tested muscles: tibialis anterior (TA), rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), rectus abdominis RA. The results obtained indicate that there is no functional muscle imbalance in front kinetic chain with cosidering to the dominant and non-dominant sides. Despite the well-known thinking of soccer experts that unilateral activities is predominant in soccer and though that these unilateral activities causes bilateral imbalances. By more detailed study of the structural and anatomical analysis of the soccer game we realized that the soccer game use both sides of the locomotor system equally. From obtained results we can conclude that bilateral functional muscle imbalance of the anterior kinetic chain is a rarity. Although it is a rarity, it exists in certain number of soccer players, and as such we can prevent it with the help of functional preventive training. With the help of the obtained TMG results, a general (or individualized) prevention program for soccer players is created with the aim of injury prevention