Synthesis of Biodiesel from Waste and Edible Oils and Fats Catalysed by Lipases Derived from Bulkhoderia cepacia Bacterium

Biodizel je smjesa metilnih estera masnih kiselina (eng. FAME; Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) iz ulja i masti različitih izvora, a industrijski se najčešće proizvodi kemijski kataliziranom reakcijom transesterifikacije. Biodizel predstavlja ekološki prihvatljivu alternativu uobičajenom fosilnom dizelskom gorivu. S druge strane, postoji i nekoliko ekološki prihvatljivijih alternativa uobičajenoj industrijskoj proizvodnji biodizela, poput zamjene kemijskih katalizatora enzimskim te uporabe otpadnih biljnih ulja i životinjskih masti za razliku od svježih. U okviru ovog rada, provedena je enzimska sinteza biodizela iz tri različite vrste otpadnih biljnih ulja te iz jedne otpadne životinjske masti. Obzirom da takva ulja i masti ne predstavljaju „idealne“ sirovine, prethodno su im određeni osnovni parametri kvalitete. Provedbom 24 h sinteze pri 50 °C i pH 10, uz korištenje lipaze iz B. cepacia aktivnosti 250 U/g i uz prisustvo metanola, dobiven je biodizel prihvatljive kvalitete (udio FAME > 96,5 %) iz svih vrsta otpadnih ulja, dok je maksimalni udio FAME u biodizelu sintetiziranom iz otpadne životinjske masti iznosio 95,08 ± 4,55 %. Otpadno suncokretovo ulje se pokazalo kao najprikladnija sirovina te je maksimalni udio FAME pri njegovom korištenju kao sirovine iznosio 99,50 ± 0,04 %.Biodiesel is a mixture of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) from oils and fats of various sources industrially produced by a chemically catalysed transesterification reaction. Biodiesel is an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional fossil diesel fuel. On the other hand, there are several more environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional industrial biodiesel production, such as replacing chemical catalysts with enzymatic ones and using waste vegetable oils and animal fats as opposed to fresh ones. Within this paper, enzymatic synthesis of biodiesel from three different types of waste vegetable oils and one waste animal fat was reported. Since such oils and fats are not ideal as raw materials, the basic quality parameters have been determined beforehand. By performing 24 h of synthesis at 50 ° C and pH 10, using lipase from B. cepacia with an activity of 250 U/g and in the presence of methanol, biodiesel of acceptable quality (FAME content > 96.5 %) was obtained from all types of waste oils, while the maximum FAME content in biodiesel synthesized from animal waste fat was 95.08 ± 4.55 %. Non-edible sunflower oil proved to be the most suitable raw material for biodiesel production and the maximum FAME content in its use as raw material was 99.50 ± 0.04 %