Architecture and urban development of 19th and 20th century Našice

Povijest Našica može se pratiti od 13. stoljeća, odnosno od prvog spomena grada, a do dolaska obitelji Pejačević u 18. stoljeću ključnu ulogu u razvoju grada imali su franjevci koji su u središtu mjesta podigli crkvu sa samostanom oko koje je započelo formiranje trga ljevkastog oblika na kojemu je započela izgradnja najprije trošnih kuća od slabih materijala, a kasnije i onih od čvršćih materijala. Uz franjevce, veliki značaj imala je i obitelj Aba koja je poticala naseljavanje ljudi iz raznih krajeva koji su potom kroz razvoj trgovine i obrta pridonosili i razvoju samoga grada. Za prodora Turaka, pod čijom su vlašću Našice bile 155 godina, bio je prekinut daljnji gospodarski razvoj grada. Nedugo nakon uspostavljanja habsburške vlasti, našički posjed dolazi u vlasništvo obitelj Pejačević i tada započinje novo razdoblje koje je obilježeno intenzivnom izgradnjom u 19. stoljeću koja se kasnije nastavila još intenzivnije i kroz cijelo 20. stoljeće. U 19. stoljeću započinje razvoj Našica kao trgovišta kroz doseljavanje brojnih trgovaca i obrtnika među kojima su se posebno isticali Židovi koji su uz gradnju stambenih i stambeno-poslovnih objekata dali podići i jednu od najljepših sinagoga u Hrvatskoj. Na potezu od novoizgrađenog dvorca obitelji Pejačević do franjevačke crkve i samostana grade se prizemnice i jednokatnice javne i stambeno-poslovne namjene u historicističkom stilu. Osim u užem centru grada, cijeli niz historicističkih objekata izgrađen je u tada najstarijim ulicama koje danas nose naziv Ulica J. J. Strossmayera, Ulica kralja Tomislava te Ulica braće Radića. U 20. stoljeću dolazi do najvećih promjena u Našicama, i u urbanom razvitku i u arhitekturi. Nakon Drugog svjetskog rata izgrađen je velik broj javnih i stambenih objekata u samom centru grada, ali i šire. Vinogradi i hrastove šume ustupaju mjesto novim ulicama, dok se najstarije ulice dalje proširuju. Glavni našički trg polako dobiva svoje današnje lice izgradnjom zgrade Gradske uprave i Policijske postaje, Kreditne banke, robne kuće te novog hotela „Park“. Od ostalih javnih građevina svakako valja spomenuti i novu osnovnu i srednju školu u Ulici Augusta Cesarca, novi dječji vrtić, dom zdravlja, bolnicu, poštu, šumariju, veterinarsku stanicu te novu zgradu željezničkog kolodvora. Uz snažnu stambenu izgradnju u periodu nakon Drugog svjetskog rata grad Našice preoblikovan je u potpuno funkcionalan grad intenzivnog razvoja koji se nastavlja sve do danas.The history of Našice dates back to the 13th century – that is, to the town’s first mention. Up until the arrival of the Pejačević family in the 18th century, the Franciscans played a key role in the town’s development – they built a church with a monastery in the town center around which a funnel-shaped square started developing. The first houses erected around the square were dilapidated, built with weak and inferior materials, with the solid material houses appearing later on. Besides the Franciscans, the Aba family was of great importance to the town – they encouraged the immigration of people from all over the region, which in turn prompted the development of trade and crafts, that way contributing to the general development of the town. During the Ottoman invasion (Našice had been under their authority for 155 years) further economic development of the town was interrupted. Not long after the establishment of Habsburg rule Našice became a property of the Pejačević family. It was a period characterized by intensive construction development in the 19th century, and an even more intensive one in the 20th century. In the 19th century, Našice began developing as a market town, assisted by the immigration of primarily Jewish merchants and craftsmen which, in addition to building many residential and commercial establishments, erected one of the most lavish synagogues in Croatia. During that time, many single-story public, residential and commercial Historicist houses were constructed in the area stretching from the newly-built Pejačević castle to the Franciscan church and monastery. A series of Historicist buildings was erected not only in the very center of the town, but on its oldest streets as well – today they are called the Josip Juraj Strossmayer Street, King Tomislav Street and Radić Brothers Street. The 20th century brings about the biggest changes in Našice, both in urban development as well as architecture. After World War II, a large number of public and residential buildings was erected in the town center as well the surrounding areas. Vineyards and oak forests gave way to new streets while the older ones were expanded. With the construction of the town hall, the police station, the bank, the department store and the new hotel “Park”, the main square of Našice slowly assumed its current look. Among other things, it is worth mentioning the construction of a new elementary and high school in August Cesarec Street, a new kindergarten, a community health center, a hospital, a post office, a forestry, a veterinary clinic and a new train station building. Thanks to intensive residential construction after World War II, the town of Našice has been reshaped into an entirely functional town with its development continuing to this day