RESPIRATORY PHYSIOTHERAPY IN A CHILD WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA

Astma je kroniĉna upala dišnih puteva, u kojoj sudjeluju mnoge stanice i staniĉni posrednici. Kroniĉna upala uzrokuje pridruţenu bronhalnu hiperreaktivnost sa simptomima ponavljanih napadaja zviţdanja, pomanjkanja zraka, stiskanja u prsima i kašlja, osobito noću ili rano ujutro. Glavna komponenta Buteykove metode je terapija disanjem. Disanje ima za cilj smanjiti hiperventilaciju kroz razdoblje kontroliranog smanjenja disanja poznatog kao „sporo disanje― i „smanjeno disanje―, kombinirano sa razdobljima zadrţavanja daha, poznatim kao „kontrolne pauze― i „produţene pauze―. Trening inspiratornih mišića je tehnika usmjerena na povećanje snage ili izdrţljivosti dijafragme i pomoćnih mišića aktiviranih tijekom inspiracije. Posturalna drenaţa gravitacijom olakšava kretanje sekreta iz perifernih dišnih putova u veće bronhije gdje se lakše iskašljavaju. Uĉinkovit kašalj vitalna je komponenta higijenske terapije bronha. Ruĉne tehnike perkusija i vibracija koriste se kao dodatak posturalnoj drenaţi i usmjerene su preko zida prsa. Duboko disanje, ispuhivanje i usmjereno kašljanje upotpunjuju lijeĉenje. Masaţa je ĉest oblik lijeĉenja koji ukljuĉuje gnjeĉenje ili manipulaciju mišićima i mekim tkivom kako bi se poboljšalo zdravlje pacijenta. Haloterapija je terapija suhom soli koja se provodi u okolini opremljenom posebnom opremom koja se naziva halogenerator.Asthma is a chronic inflammation of the airways, in which many cells and cell mediators are involved. Chronic inflammation causes associated bronchial hyperreactivity with symptoms of repeated wheezing attacks, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, especially at night or early in the morning. The main component of Buteyk's method is respiratory therapy. Breathing aims to reduce hyperventilation through a period of controlled respiratory decline known as ―slow breathing‖ and ―reduced breathing,‖ combined with periods of breath holding known as ―control breaks‖ and ―extended breaks‖. Inspiratory muscle training is a technique aimed at increasing the strength or endurance of the diaphragm and auxiliary muscles activated during inspiration. Postural drainage by gravity facilitates the movement of secretions from the peripheral airways to the larger bronchi where they are more easily coughed up. Effective cough is a vital component of bronchial hygiene therapy. Manual percussion and vibration techniques are used as an adjunct to postural drainage and are directed over the chest wall. Deep breathing, exhalation and directed coughing complete the treatment. Massage is a common form of treatment that involves kneading or manipulating muscles and soft tissues to improve patient’s health. Halotherapy is a dry salt therapy that is performed in an environment equipped with special equipment called a halogenerator