Radio planning of base stations network for GSM-R system on railway corridor RH1

GSM-R je globalni sustav pokretnih komunikacija razvijen za željeznički promet. Zadatak ove tehnologije jest da osigura stalnu, pouzdanu i neprekinutu komunikaciju na željezničkim prugama, čak i pri brzinama koje razvijaju vlakovi velikih brzina, te da pojednostavni i standardizira signalizaciju i komunikaciju. GSM-R također omogućuje nesmetani prijelaz granica i međunarodnu interoperabilnost, a temelji se na pouzdanoj GSM tehnologiji što osigurava smanjenje troškova održavanja. Ovaj sustav implementira se u cijelom svijetu, a u najširoj uporabi je u Europi gdje je i razvijen. Hrvatske željeznice su u fazi pripreme i projektiranja GSM-R sustava. U fazi projektiranja jedna od osnovnih radnji jest radijsko planiranje tj. odabir lokacija i raspored mreže baznih postaja u svrhu optimalne pokrivenosti željezničke pruge radijskim signalom. Razmještaj baznih postaja ima izravan utjecaj na sigurnost željezničkog prometa koju nudi GSM-R unutar sustava za automatsko upravljanje vlakom ETSC. Radijsko planiranje temelji se na modelima propagacije elektromagnetskih valova prostorom. Za pokrivenost pruge prema zadanim specifikacijama potrebno je izvršiti proračun pomoću dostupnih programskih paketa da bi se potom dobivene vrijednosti potvrdile mjerenjima na terenu. U ovome radu detaljno je opisana procedura radijskog planiranja temeljena na ETSI GSM (GSM-R) standardu, sukladna sa svim specifikacijama Međunarodne željezničke unije. Izrađen je osnovni proračun opreme sustava i simulacija pokrivenosti željezničkog koridora RH1 tj. željezničke pruge Državna granica – Savski Marof – Zagreb – Dugo Selo – Novska – Vinkovci – Tovarnik – Državna granica. Opisan je postupak radijskog planiranja i projektiranja GSM-R mreže, a rezultat izračuna pokrivenosti je prezentiran u obliku detaljne digitalne karte pokrivenosti radijskim signalom.Global System for Mobile Communications - Railway is modern solution for railway radio communications. The aim of GSM-R is to assure constant and uninterrupted communications along railway routes, even at speeds greater than 200 km/h, and to enable standardization of railway signal and communication system. GSM-R is based on reliable and cost efficient GSM standard and assures international interoperability as well as unrestricted border crossing. This system is developed in Europe, but is implemented on many railway networks around the world. Croatian Railways are in planning and designing phase of GSM-R system. In the design phase one of the main actions is radio planning ie. selection and arrangement of base tranciever station network for the optimum coverage of the railway radio signal. Deployment of base stations has a direct impact on railway safety which GSM-R offers within the system for automatic train control ETSC. Radio planning is based on the models of electromagnetic waves space propagation. For coverage of the railway tracks within given specification it is necessary to use available software packages for calculations witch will be confirmed on field measurements. The paper describes in detail a radio planning procedure for the design of a railway radio communications network based on the ETSI GSM standard (GSM-R), compliant with all the mandatory requirements specified by the International Union of Railways. Basic design of equipment and coverage simulation has been made for railway corridor RH1 ie. rail track State border - Savski Marof - Zagreb - Dugo Selo - Novska - Vinkovci - Tovarnik - State Border. All procedures of radio planning and design of GSM-R network are described, and the results of coverage calculations are given in the form of detailed digital maps