Metodika nastave likovne kulture: Oblikovanje osobnog identiteta u nastavi likovne kulture

Svrha ovog diplomskog istraživanja bila je potaknuti učenike na razmišljanje o vlastitom identitetu te stvaranje puta prema istom kroz rješavanje problema humorom. S obzirom na to da je školsko okruženje u kojem se nalaze učenici različitih stajališta, obiteljskih pozadina i sl., bilo je potrebno najprije pristupiti problemu prihvaćanja različitosti. Ovim diplomskim radom ukazalo se na problem u organizaciji nastave i učitelja koji se isključivo bave nastavnim sadržajem te se zanemaruje odgojni aspekt u smislu pripreme učenika na život i funkcioniranje u društvu. U prvoj fazi akcijskog istraživanja proveden je online upitnik koji se odnosio na stavove učenika te su se time ispitali stereotipi koji se javljaju kod učenika osmih razreda osnovne škole. Pitanja su oblikovana tako da odgovaraju uzrastu. Postavljena su pitanja vezana uz odnos učenika prema manjinama, odnos prema drugima lošijeg ekonomskog statusa i sl. te je time ispitano koliko je predrasuda u školskom okruženju. U drugoj i trećoj fazi istraživanja učenici su u razredu najprije rješavali postavljeni problem kroz nekoliko zadataka s naglaskom na korištenje humora. Različitim metodama i zadacima učenici su rješavali probleme u komunikaciji te ih se usmjeravalo na pozitivan ishod komunikacije. Na taj način promišljalo se kako razumjeti kada se u komunikaciji radi o negativnim emocijama prema sebi ili drugome i na taj način djelovati kako bi se problem riješio kompromisom tako da niti jedna strana nije povrijeđena. Rezultatima istraživanja odgovoreno je na sljedeća istraživačka pitanja: - Koji su stereotipi najučestaliji u školskom okruženju? - Koje predrasude se javljaju, a vezane su uz ispitane stereotipe? - Kako učenici rješavaju problem stereotipa individualno, ali i u komunikaciji s drugima? - Kako riješiti problem humorom i potaknuti mlade osobe na razmišljanje o vlastitom identitetu? Rezultati istraživanja su razumijevanje vlastitih obrazaca ponašanja te kako ih upotrijebiti u komunikaciji s drugima u svrhu dobre i pozitivne komunikacije. Korištenjem humora u tu svrhu shvaćeno je kako okolina lakše prihvaća ono što je ponekad teško čuti ili nešto nepoznato što se odbija razumjeti.The purpose of this thesis was to encourage students to think about their own identity and create a path to it through solving problems with humor. Given that the school environment in which students find themselves is of different views, family backgrounds, etc., it was necessary to first approach the problem of accepting diversity. This thesis pointed out the problem in the organization of teaching and teachers who deal exclusively with the teaching content and neglects the educational aspect in terms of preparing students for life and functioning in society. In the first phase of the action research, an online questionnaire related to students' attitudes was checked, thus examining the stereotypes that occur in eighth grade primary school students. The questions are designed to suit their age. Questions were asked regarding the attitude of students towards minorities, the attitude towards others of poorer economic status, etc., and thus examined how much prejudice there is in the school environment. In the second and third phases of the research, students in the class first solved the problem through several tasks with an emphasis on the use of humor. Through various methods and tasks, students solved problems in communication and directed them to a positive outcome of communication. With this, it was considered how to understand when communication is about negative emotions towards oneself or another and in this way to act in order to solve the problem by compromise so that neither side is hurt. The results of the research answered the following research questions: - What are the most common stereotypes in the school environment? - What prejudices appear, and they are related to the examined stereotypes? - How do students solve the problem of stereotypes individually, but also in communication with others? - How to solve the problem with humor and encourage young people to think about their own identity? The results of the research understand their own pattern of behavior and how to use them in communication with others for the purpose of good and positive communication. By using humor for this purpose, it is understood that the environment more easily accepts what is sometimes difficult to hear or something unknown that refuses to be understood