Toxicity and biodegradability of mixtures of emerging-pollutants during advanced oxidation water treatment

Onečišćenje okoliša već je dobro poznat problem koji postavlja brojna pitanja. Posljednjih desetljeća, dolazi do znatnog povećanja količine kemijskih spojeva koji nalažu brzinu razvoja i napretka na brojnim područjima, ali su također odgovorni za neke ozbiljne probleme. Njihovim svakodnevnom primjenom, navedeni spojevi ne rijetko završavaju u okolišnim prijemnicima kroz koje se dalje prenose u druge sastavnice okoliša. Sve se češće možemo susresti s tzv. prioritetnim onečišćivalima, čiji utjecaji na okoliš i zdravlje još nisu utvrđeni. U ovu kategoriju spadaju pesticidi, industrijski spojevi, lijekovi, proizvodi za osobnu njegu, steroidni hormoni te drugi. Konvencionalne metode obade i uklanjanja ovih spojeva su se pokazale kao ne efikasne. Kao potencijalno rješenje nameću se napredni oksidacijski procesi. Napredni oksidacijski procesi su prepoznati kao alat za razgradnju ili prevođenje ovih spojeva u biorazgradive, po okoliš prihvatljive produkte. 2000. godine definirana je strategija koja ima za cilj ustanoviti prioritetne tvari koje su potencijalna prijetnja za vodene ekosustave. Daljnjim radom na tom području nastaje Direktiva 2013/39/EU koja daje politiku o upravljanju vodama, naglašavajući potrebu za razvojem novih tehnologija za pročišćavanje voda i rješavanje ovog problema. Cilj ovog rada je odrediti toksičnost i biorazgradivost te objasniti mehanizam razgradnje 10 zadanih pesticida i farmaceutika. Ispitivanje je provedeno pomoću UV-C svjetla u kombinaciji s vodikovim peroksidom (H2O2) i persulfatnim ionima (S2O82-). Toksičnost krajnjih otopina ispituje se fluorescentnim bakterijama Vibrio fischerima, dok je biorazgradivost izražena kao omjer BPK5/KPK.Environmental pollution is already a well known issue. Over the last decades, diversity of chemical compounds has significantly increased. These chemicals dictate the speed of improvement in many areas, but are also responsible for some serious problems. Through every day use, these compounds often end up in diverse environmental compartments and from there further transfer into other compartments. Recently, the new category of pollutants has been introduced, so called emerging pollutants. Health and environmental risks related with their usage are still not determined. This category of pollutants comprises pesticides, industrial compounds, medicines, personal care products, steroid hormones and others. Removal of these compounds by conventional methods has been shown as insufficient. As studies has shown, advanced oxidation processes are recognised as the most efficient. Advanced oxidation processes are recognised as a tool for degradation or conversion of these pollutants into environmentally acceptable biodegradable byproducts. In the year 2000., the strategy for identification of emerging contaminants in aquatic environment was defined. Further growth in that area lead to the Directive 2013/39/ EU which establishes water management policy highlighting the necessity to develop new water treatment technologies in order to deal with this problem. The main objective of this study was to determine toxicity, biodegradability and main degradation pathways for 10 assigned pesticides and pharmaceuticals. Determination was conducted by means of UV-C light in combination with hydrogen peroxide and persulfate ions. Final solution toxicity is tested by fluorescent bacteria, Vibrio Fischer, while biodegradability is expressed as BOD5/COD ratio