Preventive Actions Of Educators In Order To Reduce Undesirable Behaviors In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Poremećaj iz spektra autizma (PSA) je poremećaj kojeg karakteriziraju oštećenja u socijalnim interakcijama i komunikaciji, postojanje stereotipnih ponašanja te ograničeni interesi i aktivnosti. Javlja se u ranom djetinjstvu, najčešće do 3. godine života te traje cijeli život. Iako postoje mnogo istraživanja, etiologija poremećaja nije u potpunosti poznata. Uzroci nastanka poremećaja iz spektra autizma su nepoznati, odnosno ne može se utvrditi jedan uzrok nastanka poremećaja, nego se smatra da se radi o više uzoraka zbog kojih nastaje poremećaj. Svrha rada je prikazati postupke za sprečavanje i smanjivanje nepoželjnih oblika ponašanja kod osoba s poremećajem iz spektra autizma. Postupci prevencije su bihevioralni pristup, programi s vizualnom okolinskom podrškom (TEACCHH), sustav komunikacije razmjenom slika (PECS), model RIO (Floortime), socijalne priče te komični stripovi autorice Carol Gray. Prikazane preventivne postupke u ovom radu mogu koristiti odgojitelji u radu s djetetom s poremećajem iz spektra autizma, no odgojitelji trebaju surađivati i sa stručnim suradnicima (edukacijski rehabilitator, logoped, psiholog i dr.) kako bi se izradio kvalitetan plan podrške za dijete s poremećajem. Veliku ulogu ima i uključivanje obitelji djeteta s poremećajem u izradu plana podrške. U radu su navedene i najvažnije karakteristike djece s poremećajem iz spektra autizma, ključne kompetencije odgojitelja za rad s djecom s teškoćama te prikaz slučaja rada odgojitelja i edukacijskog rehabilitatora s djetetom kojem je dijagnosticiran visokofunkcionirajući autizam (VFA).Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is disorder characterized by impairments in social interactions and communication, the existence of stereotypical behaviors, and limited interests and activities. It occurs in early childhood, most often up to the age of 3, and lasts a lifetime. Although there is much research, the etiology of the disorder is not fully known. The causes of autism spectrum disorders are unknown, it is not possible to determine one cause of the disorder, but it is considered that there are several patterns that cause the disorder. The purpose of this paper is to present procedures for preventing and reducing undesirable behaviors in people with autism spectrum disorder. Prevention procedures include a behavioral approach, programs with visual environmental support (TEACCHH), Picture Exchange Communication system (PECS), the RIO model (Floortime), social stories, and comic strip conversations by Carol Gray. The presented preventive procedures in this paper can be used by preschool educators in working with a child with autism spectrum disorder, but preschool educators should cooperate with professional associates (educational rehabilitator, speech therapist, psychologist, etc.) in order to develop a quality support plan for a child with autism spectrum disorder. The involvement of the family of a child with a disability in the development of a support plan also plays an important role. The paper also lists the most important characteristics of children with autism spectrum disorder, key competencies of educators for working with children with disabilities and a case report of an educator and an educational rehabilitator working with a child diagnosed with high-functioning autism (HFA)