Speech Development In Preschool Children

Govor je kompleksan temelj komunikacije među ljudima, te vrlo značajan za cjelokupan djetetov razvoj. Da bi govor bio ostvaren, te kako bi cirkulirao između ljudi, mora biti prvi nekome upućeni, a isto tako mora biti i odvraćeni. Govor je kompleksan neurološki proces gdje su moždane funkcije vezane za strukture i razvoj govora. Neurološke teorije nam općenito dokazuju da je razvoj jezika i govora determiniran anatomski, neurobiološki i genetski. Također, govor možemo svrstati u dio kulture jer se razvija ne samo govoreći, nego i slušajući. Govorom se prenosi kultura te način komunikacije ovisi o karakteru koje je popularizirano za to kulturalno područje. Sami govor usuđujemo se nazvati ga; zadivljujućim procesom. To je proces u kojem svaka osoba ima svoju individualnu ulogu. Kako rastemo, tako se povećava lakoća usvajanja govora koji nam je toliko važan za preživljavanje i odnose između ljudi. U razvoju govora i jezika, javljaju se teškoće. Utjecaj na te teškoće imaju i moguća razna oštećenja poput oštećenje sluha, pervazivni razvojni poremećaj, specifični jezični poremećaj, poremećaj tempa i ritma govora kod kojeg je karakterističan usporeni tempo govorno-jezičnog razvoja. Također, neka djeca i ljudi upoznati su i s poremećajima izgovora koji se javljaju iz različitih razloga. Oni ne mogu pravilno izgovoriti neke glasove, međusobno ih miješaju ili ih sasvim izostavljaju. Nepravilno izgovaranje slogova i cijele riječi, također je poremećaj, dok je istovremeno sami rječnik bogat a govor gramatički pravilan. Mnogo je uzroka iz kojih proizlaze teškoće u razvoju govora. Uzroci mogu biti biološki i socijalni, no oni se itekako isprepliću u cijeloj priči razvoja govora. Najbitnije je na vrijeme uočiti i reagirati na prevenciju u razvoju, nipošto ne ignorirati i ne prihvaćati istinu o stanju razvoja govora vašeg djeteta. Treba imati na umu da se razvoj govora odvija od samog začeća vašeg djeteta koje još nije stiglo na svijet. Tako je Posokhova na grubo htjela uprizoriti važnost nas odraslih u ulozi razvoja djetetova govora, te rekla da na razvoj govora djeteta utječemo već „20 godina prije rođenja djeteta“.Speech is a complex foundation of communication among people and a very important factor in the overall development of a child. In order for speech to be realized and for it to circulate among people, it must first be addressed to someone, but it also needs to be reciprocated. Speech is a complex neurological process in which brain functions are related to the structures and development of speech. Neurological theories generally prove that the development of language and speech is determined anatomically, neurobiologically and genetically. Moreover, speech can be classified as part of culture since it develops not only by speaking but also by listening. Speech conveys culture; therefore, the way of communication depends on the type of character which is popularized in the cultural area. It can be claimed that speech itself is an astonishing process. It is a process in which each person has their own individual role. As we grow, so does the ease of speech acquisition, which is crucial for our survival and relationships with people. However, difficulties can arise in the development of speech and language. These difficulties are also affected by various possible impairments such as hearing impairment, pervasive developmental disorder, specific language disorders, or disorders of the pace and rhythm of speech, which are characterized by a slow pace of speech and language development.Furthermore, some children and people are also acquainted with pronunciation disorders that occur for a variety of reasons. They lack the ability to pronounce certain sounds correctly, mix them with each other, or omit them completely. Improper pronunciation of syllables and whole words is also a disorder, while the vocabulary itself is rich and the speech is grammatically correct. There are many causes for speech development difficulties. The causes can be biological and social, but they are very intertwined in the whole story of speech development.The most important thing is to timely notice and react to any obstacle in the speech development. In other words, the truth about the state of a child’s speech development should by no means be ignored or rejected. It should be kept in mind that speech development takes place from the very conception of a child who has not yet arrived in the world. Thus, Posokhova roughly wanted to stage the importance of the role of adults in child speech development and stated that one influences a child’s speech development "20 years before their birth"