Money laundering prevention systems and the role of the banks in money laundering prevention

Pranje novca je vrsta globalne, duboko ukorijenjene kriminalne aktivnosti u kojoj se novac usmjerava na radnje za koje nije prvobitno namijenjen. Svrha pranja novca je oprati novac stečen kriminalnim radnjama te ga integrirati u regularne novčane tokove. Tri su faze procesa kojim se to ostvaruje, odnosno procesa pranja novca: polaganje, oplemenjivanje odnosno ležanje i integracija. Europa kao izuzetno bankocentrično društvo, a Republika Hrvatska kao još ekstremniji primjer, zbog širokog spektra usluga bankarstva je izuzetno „plodno“ područje u vidu pokušaja kriminalnih aktivnosti povezanih s pranjem novca i financiranjem terorizma. Zakon/i o sprječavanju pranja novca i financiranju terorizma, u Hrvatskoj, ali i na međunarodnoj razini dobar su temelj, no i oni su podvrgnuti konstantnim doradama i nadopunjavanjima. Također, upravo zbog brzog i stalnog napretka u metodama nezakonitih radnji donijete i nadopunjavane su i mnoge konvencije i deklaracije za sprječavanje pranja novca i financiranja terorizma. Neizostavne su institucije i organizacije za sprječavanje pranja novca, na europskoj i svjetskoj razini i na razini Republike Hrvatske, svaka sa svojom ulogom i zadatkom, a istim ciljem. Njihova suradnja danas se čini neizbježnom i povećava mogućnost uspjeha otkrivana prijevare i razvoju novih rješenja u budućem otkrivanju potencijalnih nezakonitih radnji. U Republici Hrvatskoj najznačajnije tijelo za sprječavanje pranja novca je Ured za sprječavanje pranja novca u okviru Ministarstva financija, dok veliku ulogu imaju Porezna uprava, Hrvatska narodna banka te na kraju poslovne banke kao primarna meta peračima novca. Zadnje poglavlje ovog rada donosi prikaz primjera iz prakse u kojem su opisane aktivnosti sprječavanja pranja novca u Zagrebačkoj banci.Money laundering is a type of global, deep-rooted criminal activity in which money is directed to actions for which it was not originally intended. The purpose of money laundering is to launder money gained from criminal activities and integrate it into regular cash flows. There are three phases of the process by which this is achieved, ie the process of money laundering: laying, breeding or lying down and integration. Europe as an extremely bank-centric society, and the Republic of Croatia, as an even more extreme example, due to a wide range of banking services is an extremely "fertile" area in the form of attempted criminal activities related to money laundering and terrorist financing. The Law on the Prevention of Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing is a good foundation in Croatia, but also at the international level, but they are also subject to constant refinements and additions. conventions and declarations to prevent money laundering and terrorist financing. Institutions and organizations for the prevention of money laundering are indispensable, at the European and world level and at the level of the Republic of Croatia, each with its own role and task, and the same goal. Their cooperation today seems inevitable and increases the chance of success of detected fraud and the development of new solutions in the future detection of potential illegal actions. In the Republic of Croatia, the most important body for the prevention of money laundering is the Office for the Prevention of Money Laundering within the Ministry of Finance, while the Tax Administration, the Croatian National Bank and finally commercial banks play a major role as primary targets for money launderers. The last chapter of this paper presents an example from practice in which the activities of preventing money laundering in Zagrebačka banka are described