Assessing the Evolution of Physical Fitness in Children and Adolescents for Evidence-Based Teaching

Physical fitness is one of the most important health indicators in children and adolescents. This study aims to assess the evolution of physical fitness levels in children and adolescents (9 - 14 yrs) related to weight-status, providing evidence-based instructions for physical education teachers, and promoting the quality of physical education programs. The sample consisted of 542 early adolescents aged 9 - 14 years (M = 269, F = 273) recruited from secondary schools in Italy. Physical fitness was assessed with the following motor test: SBJ, MBT, 10 × 5 and One Mile RWt. In addition to descriptive statistics, independent samples T-test and factorial ANOVA were carried out to compare and assess the evolution of motor performances over time. Multiple linear regression analysis was executed to investigate the variance in motor test explained by weight and height. Results evidence a significant increase in SBJ and MBT, but not in 10 × 5 and OneMile Run/Walk test, in about all age groups, both in male and female, normal weight and overweight/obese. Data analysis suggests that strength test in which is required single movement execution is more associated and conditioned by individual growth and anthropometrics factors than test required repeated movement and greater coordinative engagement