Management of municipal solid waste in Croatia: Analysis of current practices with performance benchmarking against other European Union member states

The European Commission has adopted a very ambitious circular economy package and has consequently revised many legislative proposals on waste. The new targets include achieving a recycling rate of 65% by 2030 and imposing a cap on landfilled waste to no more than 10% (as a percentage of weight). Using available European and national databases on municipal solid waste indicators, we have analysed municipal solid waste production trends for Croatia and have benchmarked the indicators against other EU member states and EU averages. Our analysis points out that the production of municipal solid waste has steadily risen over the last two decades. Although Croatia produces a relatively low amount of municipal solid waste compared with other EU countries and EU averages, gross domestic product adjusted waste production reveals that for every euro of gross domestic product Croatia produces substantial amounts of municipal solid waste. As a matter of fact, among all the EU member states, only Bulgaria had a worse performance than Croatia. Regarding recycling rates, Croatia recycles 15% of its municipal solid waste and incinerates approximately 3% (by weight). The rest (82% by weight) is currently being landfilled. Regarding the treatment of waste, Croatia has implemented mechanical–biological treatment technology, but our analysis reveals that the initial number of mechanical–biological treatment plants will likely have to be scaled down taking into consideration the new EU waste management target