COMPARISON OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEGISLATURE AND EXECUTIVE IN EUROPEAN STATES

Počevši s uvidom u teorijska mišljenja o parlamentarizmu i diobi vlasti, želja mi je bila ponuditi sve ideje i zamisli na jednom mjestu. Ideje različitih autora koji svojim različitim backgroundom donose različiti pogled na vlast i potrebu njezine diobe. Danas se u većini sustava svijeta uspjela održati trodioba vlasti – iako je u povijesti svoj položaj imala i dvodioba vlasti – s većim ili manjim razlikama u ovlastima i upravljanju. U ovom radu, naglasak se stavlja na parlamentarne države zato što smatram da se u parlamentarnim državama premalo provodi volja parlamenta – a time i građana – što doprinosi averziji prema vlasti i politici općenito. Polazeći od premise koja se primjenjuje u demokratskim društvima, po kojoj suverenost pripada narodu koji vršenje te suverenosti u većem dijelu ili potpuno prenosi na svoje predstavnike. Izabrani predstavnici građana tvore predstavničko tijelo koje je ovlašteno donositi najviši izraz suverenosti u demokratskom društvu – zakon. Zakon je opće pravilo pravno apsolutnog obvezujućeg akta, čime se stvara dojam da legislatura ima isključivo ovlaštenje normativne funkcije, što se u praksi pokazalo netočnim. Normativna funkcija države se danas dijeli između legislative i egzekutive, no u nekim sustavima primjetan je primat egzekutive u zakonodavnom procesu. Egzekutiva je u svim oblicima vlasti, predsjedničkim, parlamentarnim, polupredsjedničkim,stekla ogroman značaj pri vršenju svih državnih funkcija. Svoj utjecaj ostvaruje kroz institucionalne mehanizme suradnje između zakonodavne i izvršne vlasti...Starting with an insight into theoretical opinions or parliamentarism and the division of power, my intention was to offer all ideas and concepts in one place. Ideas of different authors with their backgrounds bring different views on power and the need for its division. Today, in most systems of the world, the three divisions of power have been maintained - although in history the two divisions of power have had their position - with greater or lesser differences in power and governing. In this paper, the emphasis is on parliamentary states since I believe that the will of the parliament - thus the citizens - is insufficiently implemented in parliamentary states, which contributes to aversion to government and politicians in general. Starting with the premise applied in democratic societies according to which sovereignty belongs to the people who transfer excercise of those sovereignties, for the most part or completely, to their representatives. Elected representatives of the citizens form a representative body that is authorized to pass the highest expression of sovereignty in a democratic society - law. The law is a general rule of a legally binding act, which gives the impression that the legislation has the exclusive authority of a normative function, which has proved incorrect in practice. The normative function of the state today is divided between the legislature and the executive, but in some systems the primacy of the executive in the legislative process is noticeable. In all forms of government, presidential, parliamentary, semi-presidential, the executive has gained enormous importance in performing all state functions. Its influence excercise through institutional mechanisms of cooperation between the legislature and the executive..