Causes and consequences of childhood obesity : Uzroci i posljedice pretilosti u dječjoj dobi

Cilj istraživanja bio je procijeniti prehrambene navike studenata stručnog studija sestrinstva i ispitati njihovo znanje o prehrani te utjecaju prehrane i životnih navika na pojavu pretilosti kod djece i odraslih. Ispitanici su bili studenti sve tri godine studija sestrinstva Medicinskog fakulteta u Puli. Kao instrument istraživanja koristio se anonimni upitnik izrađen u Google forms. Upitnik se sastojao od četrdeset i pet pitanja, od kojih su prvih pet vezana uz socio-demografske podatke, a preostalih četrdeset ispitivali su znanje i stavove studenata o uzrocima i posljedicama pretilosti kod djece te studentske prehrambene navike i tjelesnu aktivnost. Podatci dobiveni anketom obrađeni su metodama deskriptivne statistike Rezultati: U istraživanju je sudjelovao 101 ispitanik, od kojih je 80 (79%) žena i 21 (21%) muškaraca. 86% ispitanika je u dobi od 20 do 25 godina. Ispitanici su prosječne BMI 26,1%. Rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazuju nam da ispitanici imaju adekvatno stečeno znanje o pretilosti. Većina studenata (87%) točno je odgovorila da BMI>30 predstavlja rizični stupanj pretilosti. Pretilost smatra javno zdravstvenim problemom 95% ispitanika, dok da je pretilost bolest i smanjuje kvalitetu života smatra 99% ispitanika. Redovito doručkuje 53% ispitanika, voće i povrće svakodnevno konzumira 53% ispitanika, ribu više puta tjedno jede 13% ispitanika, grickalice i slatkiše svakodnevno konzumira 23% ispitanika. Najveći broj studenata (62%) konzumira alkoholna pića nekoliko puta mjesečno, dok redovito puši duhanske proizvode 27% ispitanika. Tjelesnom aktivnosti se bavi 68% studenata. Većina (65%) smatra da prehrana u vrtićima i školama nije prilagođena uzrastu, da prosvjetni radnici i roditelji nisu dovoljno educirani na temu pretilosti (59% i 81%), te da im je potrebna dodatna edukacija u cilju prevencije (76%-97%). 95% studenta smatra da je zdravstveni odgoj neophodan u svim vrtićima i školama. Zaključak je - ispitanici su upoznati s problemom i javnozdravstvenim značajem pretilosti kod djece i općenito u društvu, imaju dostatno stečeno znanje o pretilosti u dječjoj i odrasloj dobi, ali prehrambene i životne navike studenta nisu na zadovoljavajućoj razini. Ne postoje velika odstupanju u navikama studenta povezanih sa dobi i spolom. Odgoj i obrazovanje za zdravlje i podizanje zdravstvene pismenosti od vrtićke dobi na dalje preduvjet je uspješne prevencije bolesti i promocije zdravlja.Objective was to determine the eating habits of students on the study of nursing and to examine their knowledge of nutrition and the impact of diet and lifestyle habits on the occurrence of obesity in children and adults. Subjects were students of all three years of nursing studies at the Medical Faculty in Pula. An anonymous questionnaire created in Google forms was used as a research tool. The questionnaire consisted of forty-five questions, the first five of which were related to sociodemographic data, and the remaining forty examined students 'knowledge and attitudes about the causes and consequences of childhood obesity and students' eating habits and physical activity. The data obtained by the survey were processed by the methods of descriptive statistics Results: 101 respondents participated in the study, of which 80 (79%) were women and 21 (21%) were men. 86% of respondents are between 20 and 25 years old. Respondents had an average BMI of 26.1%. The results of this research show us that the respondents have adequately acquired knowledge about obesity. The majority of students (87%) answered correctly that a BMI> 30 represents a high-risk degree of obesity. Obesity is considered a public health problem by 95% of respondents, while 99% of respondents believe that obesity is a disease and reduces the quality of life. 53% of respondents eat breakfast regularly, 53% of fruits and vegetables are consumed daily, 13% of respondents eat fish several times a week, 23% eat snacks and sweets every day. The largest number of students (62%) consume alcoholic beverages several times a month, while 27% of respondents regularly smoke tobacco products. 68% of students are engaged in physical activity. The majority (65%) believe that nutrition in kindergartens and schools is not age-appropriate, that educators and parents are not sufficiently educated on obesity (59% and 81%), and that they need additional education to prevent (76% - 97 %). 95% of students believe that health education is necessary in all kindergartens and schools. Conclusion: is that participansts are familiar with the problem and public health significance of obesity in children and in society in general, have sufficient knowledge about obesity in children and adults, but eating and living habits of students are not at a satisfactory level. There are no major discrepancies in student habits related to age and gender. Health education and raising health literacy from kindergarten onwards is a prerequisite for successful disease prevention and health promotion