Comparison of digital image receptor types in orofacial area radiography

SAŽETAK UVOD: dentalnoj radiografiji, kao i u medicinskoj radiologiji općenito, sve više se upotrebljavaju digitalni detektori kao medij za prijam i pretvaranje analogne slike u digitalnu. Ovi uređaji daju dijagnostičke snimke koje su značajno kvalitetnije od onih koje su rađene na receptorima starijih tehnologija kao što su film ili fosforne pločice. Od modernih digitalnih detektora najčešće su u upotrebi CCD (eng. Charge-Coupled Device) i CMOS (eng. Complementary Metal-Oxyde Semiconductor). Kako između ova dva detektora postoji razlika u tehnologiji izrade, tako se u zadnjih 20 godina provode istraživanja s ciljem usporedbe CCD i CMOS-a u kvaliteti snimke i drugim osobinama, a kako bi se rangirala njihova prikladnost za razne svrhe snimanja. CILJ: Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je donijeti zaključak postoji li razlika u kvaliteti dijagnostičke snimke načinjene jednim ili drugim detektorom i postoje li razlike u drugim svojstvima detektora koje bi mogle utjecati na odluku o upotrebi jednog od njih. Početna hipoteza je bila kako kvalitativna razlika ne postoji ili nije značajna. METODA: Metoda rada je bio sustavni pregled stručne literature koja opisuje tehničko-tehnološke osobine digitalnih detektora i stručnih članaka koji ispituju i uspoređuju CMOS i CCD. Pretragom i selekcijom članaka iz bio-medicinskih baza podataka, odabrano je 14 stručnih članaka u kojima su uspoređeni detektori i gdje su kvantificirano predstavljeni dobiveni rezultati. Ekstrahirani podaci su prikazani pojednostavljeno u 8 osobina detektora koje su istraživane i 9 osobina koje nisu mjerene, a koje su autori spomenuli kao osobni dojam ili opažanje. REZULTATI: Rezultati mjerenja nisu pokazali značajnu razliku u kvaliteti snimke, no zapisana opažanja i dojmovi istraživača o drugim osobinama detktora su na strani CMOS-a. ZAKLJUČAK: Zaključak je kako su CMOS i CCD jednako ili usporedivo dobri u kvaliteti snimke, i da bi razlika u „sporednim“ osobinama jednog i drugog detektora mogle doprinijeti preporuci ili odluci o upotrebi jednog od njih. Ove osobine, a osobito ekonomika, bi mogle biti tema budućih istraživanja.SUMMARY INTRODUCTION: In dental radiography, as well as in medical radiology in general, digital detectors are increasingly used as a medium for receiving and converting analog images into digital ones. These devices provide diagnostic images that are significantly better than those made on the receptors of older technologies such as film or phosphor plates. The most commonly used modern digital detectors are CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) and CMOS (Complementary Metal-oxyde Semiconductor). As there is a difference in production technology between these two detectors, research has been conducted over the last 20 years to compare CCD and CMOS in image quality and other properties, in order to rank their suitability for various imaging purposes. AIM: The aim of this study was to conclude whether there is a difference in the quality of the diagnostic image made by one or another detector and whether there are differences in other properties of the detector that could influence the decision to use one of them. The initial hypothesis was that the qualitative difference did not exist or was not significant. METHOD: The paper is a systematic review of professional literature describing the technical and technological properties of digital detectors and scientific journal articles that examine and compare CMOS and CCD. By searching and selecting articles from bio-medical databases, 14 professional articles were selected in which detectors were compared and where the obtained results were quantified. Extracted data were presented in a simplified way in 8 detector properties that were researched and 9 properties that were not measured, which the authors mentioned as personal impression or observation. RESULTS: The results of the measurements did not show a significant difference in the quality of the image, but the recorded observations and impressions of the researchers about other detector properties are on the side of CMOS. CONCLUSION: Conclusion is that CMOS and CCD are equally or comparatively good in image quality, and that differences in the "secondary" properties of both detectors could contribute to the recommendation or decision to use one of them. These characteristics, and especially economics, could be the subject of future research.