COVID - 19 infection in patients with malignant haematological diseases

Virus SARS-CoV-2 prouzročio je pandemiju bolesti COVID-19 koja se u kratkom vremenskom periodu proširila gotovo na cijeli svijet te je prouzročila krizu u zdravstvenom sustavu širom svijeta. Brojni podaci dobiveni istraživanjima su ukazali na to da pacijenti s rakom, a posebno s malignim hematološkim bolestima, imaju značajno veću učestalost pojave teških simptoma i ishoda nakon zaraze virusom. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je opisati razlike u parametrima dobi i popratnih oboljenja kod hematoloških i nehematoloških bolesnika s infekcijom COVID-19. Pretpostavili smo da će postojat statistički značajna razlika u frekvencijama bolesnika na respiratoru i na high flowu između hematoloških i nehematoloških bolesnika, i to takva da će statistički značajno više ljudi biti na respiratoru i high flowu ako su pritom hematološki bolesnici. Također smo pretpostavili da će postojat statistički značajna razlika u frekvencijama umrlih hematoloških bolesnika od frekvencije umrlih nehematoloških bolesnika, i to takva da će frekvencija hematoloških biti statistički značajno veća od frekvencije nehematoloških bolesnika. Kao mjerni instrument korištena je isključivo kompjuterska baza podataka (BIS). Rezultati upućuju na to kako su hematološki pacijenti skloniji razvijanju teških oblika bolesti, a uzrok tome može biti primarna maligna bolest, kao i eventualno liječenje koje često sadrži agresivne citostatike. Teži oblici bolesti zahtijevaju i proces liječenja i dugotrajan oporavak, pa se u skladu s tim kod hematoloških bolesnika javlja veća potreba za high flow (HF) uređajem i respiratorom. Također, u našem istraživanju je primijećen veći postotak smrtnosti kod hematoloških bolesnika u odnosu na nehematološke. Kako bi se otkrili točni uzroci je potrebno provoditi dodatna znanstvena istraživanja.SARS-CoV-2 virus has caused a pandemic of COVID-19 disease that has spread to almost entire world in a short period of time and has caused a crisis in the healthcare system around the world. Numerous data obtained from research have indicated that patients with cancer, and especially with malignant hematological diseases, have a significantly higher incidence of severe symptoms and outcomes after infection with the virus. The aim of this study was to describe the differences in age parameters and comorbidities in hematological and non-hematological patients with COVID-19 infection. We assumed that there will be a statistically significant difference in the frequencies of patients on respirator and high flow between hematological and non-hematological patients, and such that statistically significantly more people will be on respirator and high flow if they are hematological patients. We also assumed that there would be a statistically significant difference in the frequencies of deceased hematological patients from the frequency of deceased non-hematological patients, and such that the frequency of hematological patients would be statistically significantly higher than the frequency of non-hematological patients. As a measuring instrument was used a computer database (BIS). The results suggest that hematological patients are more prone to developing severe forms of the disease, and the cause may be primary malignancy, as well as eventual treatment that often contains aggressive cytostatics. Severe forms of the disease require both, a treatment process and long-term recovery, so that in hematological patients there is a greater need for a high flow (HF) device and respirator. Also, in our study, a higher mortality rate was observed in hematological patients compared to non-hematological ones. In order to discover the exact causes, additional scientific research are needed