Adequate Exercise for Frailty in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and Hemodialysis (HD)

For patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hemodialysis (HD), there was formerly concern that exercise might exacerbate urinary dysfunction, and then exercise restriction was conducted. Sarcopenia and frailty have been often observed, leading increased risk of dialysis induction and death. The guideline of Kidney Disease Outcome Quality initiative (K/DOQI) shows the recommendations of increased exercise level. They include 3-4 times a week on non-dialysis days, 30-60 minutes of walking, medium-intensity aerobic exercise, low-intensity strength training, some stretching and range of motion (ROM) maintenance training before and after exercise. Such comprehensive program will be hopefully prevalent in the future