Challenges and opportunities for seafarer training in the context of a modernizing the maritime industry: the research overview

Šiame straipsnyje siekiama išryškinti jūrininkų rengimo procesą analizuojančius tyrimus, kai sparčiai modernėjanti jūrinė industrija suponuoja poreikį edukacijos transformacijos kaitai. Mokslinių tyrimų analizė išryškina, kad vieni tyrimai šia tema labiau fokusuojasi į tai, kad per artimiausią dešimtmetį autonominiai laivai bus integruoti į jūrinę industriją, kiti tyrėjai akcentuoja socialinių įgūdžių ir emocinio intelekto, motyvacijos svarbą mokantis ir dirbant jūroje. Jūrininkų rengimas suvokiamas kaip ilgalaikis procesas, kuriame ugdymo paradigmų derinimas, grįstas vertybinėmis nuostatomis, kompleksiškai apimantis asmenybės savybių, bendrųjų kompetencijų, profesinių žinių ir įgūdžių formavimą, sudarytų prielaidas aukštos kvalifikacijos jūrininkų rengimui.The rapidly evolving 4th Industrial Revolution poses challenges to the training of seafarers. Continuous modernization of the maritime industry, development of autonomous ships, integration of new technologies into ship management make the international education and training of seafarers rely on the impact of a rapidly changing environment on shipping, the sustainability and safety of efficient operations, thus today a seafarer must be able to lead and/or adapt appropriately, be proactive and dynamic. The latter factors promote re-examination of the process of training seafarers by adapting to the rapidly changing environment, reorganizing the educational process, i.e. goals, objectives, content of curricula, evaluation, qualification of teachers, and methods of education. The aim of this article is to analyze and systematize the research examining the process of training seafarers, in a time when the rapidly modernizing maritime industry presupposes the need for educational transformation change. The analysis of the research reveals that some research on this topic focuses more on the development of autonomous vessels (MASS), presents the idea of the Shore Control Center (SCC), where operators will monitor/manage autonomous vessels. Other researchers perceive seafarers' work and life at sea as a multifaceted phenomenon, and emphasize the importance of social skills and emotional intelligence in the process of training seafarers. Overall, whether or not a ship will be operated remotely, the people who will operate it will have to be trained according to a lifelong learning concept to meet the challenges of the 21st century. The training of seafarers is a long-term process in which the content of study programs, the qualification of teachers-instructors, and the continuous modernization of the learning and training basis are important. The training of seafarers today should be comprehensive, focused not only on professional skills, but on the whole personality of a young person. The harmonization of educational paradigms, based on values, comprehensively covering the formation of personality traits, general competencies, professional knowledge and skills, would create preconditions for the training of highly qualified seafarers