Assessment and prognosis of changes of the state of architectural heritage complexes

Keičiantis ekonominėms, kultūrinėms ir politinėms aplinkybėms, kinta architektūros paveldo objektų fizinė būklė ir kultūrinė vertė, maţėja kultūrinių kraštovaizdţių įvairovė, niveliuojasi regioniniai kultūrų skirtumai. Ne tik architektūros paveldo nuolatinė prieţiūra, rūpestingas naudojimas ir profesionalus tvarkymas yra moderniosios paveldosaugos politikos dalis, bet ir šių objektų kaitos reguliavimas yra svarbus paveldosaugos aspektas. Daugelis teisės dokumentų bei atliktų paveldo objektų esamos būklės tyrimų rodo, kad esamomis paveldosaugos priemonėmis nebeįmanoma sustabdyti architektūros paveldo nykimo proceso. Tokiomis aplinkybėmis, siekiant išsaugoti paveldo vertybes kaip šalies kultūros turtą ir kraštovaizdinį potencialą bei uţtikrinti šių objektų evoliucinę raidą, architektūros paveldo kaitos tyrimai tampa ypač aktualūs.Real Culture Heritage Protection Law of the Republic of Lithuania describes Architecture Heritage as architecture creation buildings, their parts, appurtenances, integral compositions of such buildings, and complexes, ensembles, places and terrains, which were accepted as meaningful. Protected architecture heritage complexes, ensembles, places and terrains includes territories with extant valuable buildings, engineering equipment and plantations, for which protection, maintenance and usage integral attitude is very important. Integral (combined, combining) heritage protection is related with combining heritage protection and environmental protection. Most of international documents speak for integral preservation of culture and nature heritage. European Architecture Heritage Protection Convention describes architecture heritage places as common creations of human and nature, which are partly constructed, eminent enough and related in general, topographical specified and important for their historical, archaeological, artistic, scientific, social or engineering meaning. 4th European Conference of Ministers of the Council of Europe, responsible for culture heritage, and Declaration of Helsinki concerning Political Meaning of Preservation Culture Heritage speak for important role of culture heritage in harmonious development process, emphasizing that culture and nature heritage is human environment, so it is necessary to combine their protection actions to secure ecological management of the space in further perspective. Culture and nature heritage object’s protection is departmentally dissociated and their State protection is not directed to integral heritage protection in Lithuania. Especially it is seen in protected territories. Other problem is estimation of the state of cultural landscape and architecture heritage complexes, which now is related with observation of environment and landscape (monitoring). The purpose of the main method to estimate changes – monitoring – is to observe, analyse and forecast environment state systematically, to estimate changes, caused because of anthropogenic impact. Estimation of changes of cultural landscape and architecture heritage complexes becomes an integrated part of environment and landscape monitoring in Lithuania. But monitoring is understood just as observation of changes of landed property, not accenting that these territories must be analyzed as complexes, designed for countryside development and environmental protection: cultural heritage and biological variety, ethnic culture protection and so on