Belarusianisms and russianisms in Polish dialects in Lithuania.

Straipsnyje, remiantis pasirinktais pavyzdţiais, trumpai pristatomi baltarusių ir rusų kalbų skoliniai Lietuvos lenkų tarmėse. Darbe stengtasi atskleisti skolinių patekimo į tarmes būdus, sunkumus nustatant pirminį skolinio šaltinį bei atskiant rusų kalbos skolinius nuo baltarusių kalbos skolinių,o baltarusių kalbos skolinius nuo lenkų kilmės ţodţių1 .The lexis of Polish language in Lithuania includes many borrowings from the Belarus dialects, from literary Russian and from the dialects of Russian Old Believers. The Belarusianisms are mainly the names of flora and fauna, dishes, household, agricultural and rural terms, names of soil, weaving and rural clothing, nicknames etc., and Russianisms are mainly administrative, military, educational terms which entered Polish language in the 19th century (through the intelligentsia studying in Russian schools) and in years 1939-1989 (soviet borrowings). These borrowings have attracted researchers‘ attention for many years. The article presents the ways the borrowings permeated the language: from substrate and from adstrate. Moreover, Lithuanian or Russian words could permeate the Belarus dialects, and Belarus words could be passed on to Polish dialects in Kaunas Region through Polish language, used by the educated sphere from Vilnius Region, which was full of Belarus borrowings. The article also presents the difficulties of defining the direct source of borrowings, differentiating between Russian and Belarus borrowings and between Belarus borrowings and native words. Therefore, the article shows how phonetic features help to distinguish borrowings, e. g. in the word holobla there is an East Slavic group -olo-. The presence of -h- shows that the word is borrowed from the Belarus language; the presence of -g- could however be based on the substitution of the Belarus -h- by the Polish -g- (garbuszka). The accent and the suffix also show that the word is a borrowing (kaczan'ok), though the foreign suffix borrowed can be used in composing other Polish words (bociani'uk). Belarus language can also support Polish dialecticisms (chto, chwost) or certain forms (cybula). The borrowings are adapted in various ways (e. g. klišáva through kliszawie)