Relationship between sexism and the perception of sexual harassment in the Lithuanian sample

Lietuvoje trūksta duomenų apie seksualinio priekabiavimo suvokimą bei su juo susijusius veiksnius, todėl tyrimo tikslas – įvertinti lietuvių vyrų ir moterų seksistinių nuostatų raišką bei reikšmę seksualinio priekabiavimo atpažinimui. Tyrime dalyvavo 345 (98 vyrai ir 247 moterys) 18–76 metų amžiaus asmenys. Seksualinio priekabiavimo atpažinimui tirti naudota 12 seksualinio priekabiavimo situacijų, kurtų remiantis K. Bursik seksualinio priekabiavimo vinjetėmis, ir Ambivalentiško seksizmo klausimynas. Rezultatai parodė, kad moterys ir aukštesnio išsilavinimo asmenys mažiau pasižymi seksistinėmis nuostatomis, o skirtingo darbinio statuso asmenų seksistinės nuostatos buvo išreikštos skirtingai vyrų ir moterų grupėse – dirbantys vyrai ir studijuojančios moterys pasižymėjo labiausiai išreikštomis seksistinėmis nuostatomis. Priešiškas seksizmas buvo reikšmingiausias veiksnys prastesniam „quid pro quo“ ir priešiškos aplinkos seksualiniam priekabiavimui atpažinti.Sexual harassment is one of the most commonly experienced forms of sex-based discrimination. Over 55 percent of women in Europe and over 35 percent of women in Lithuania endure any form of sexual harassment since the age of 15 (European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights survey 2014). However, despite the frequent sexual harassment experience, in the past six years, only four sexual harassment complaints had been filed in Lithuania and to this day there is no information on men’s sexual harassment experience. According to the research, the lack of sexual harassment data and the low number of complaints can be related to the differences in perception of this phenomenon, which leads to a poor recognition of sexual harassment. There is a lack of data on the perception of sexual harassment and its related factors in Lithuania; therefore, the purpose of the study is to assess the relationship between sexist attitudes, gender, age, socioeconomic status and the recognition of sexual harassment of Lithuanian men and women. The research consisted of 345 participants (98 men and 247 women). The average age was 27.1 years (SD=8.478). Fourteen self-report vignettes were created based on the Bursik (1992) vignettes and consultations with the Office of the Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson to measure the participants’ perception of a hostile environment (Cronbach α 0.804) and quid pro quo (Cronbach α 0.728) sexual harassment. Sexist attitudes were measured using the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (Glick, Fiske 1996) (Cronbach α 0.943). Questions related to participants’ age, gender and socioeconomic status were also included in this survey. The results have shown that participants with higher ratings on the sexism scale were less likely to rate situations as sexual harassment than the participants with lower such results. It was found that men evaluate all types of sexual harassment situations as significantly less severe than women. All participants tend to evaluate situations where the victim is a female as more severe than situations where the victim is male. Hostile sexism was a major factor predicting lower ratings when evaluating the severity of quid pro quo and hostile environment sexual harassment situations