Influência das características socioecônomicas sobre o desempenho no ENEM em Ciências Exatas

This paper aims to evaluate the relationship between the performance of students from Sergipe state in ENEM and their socioeconomic conditions. Therefore, in order to expose some points that can be improved from the knowledge of these profiles in the institutions in Sergipe from the perspective of the subscribers. For the analysis we used the ENEM 2016 microdata, made available by INEP. Techniques of factor analysis (with Varimax rotation) and generalized linear models (binomial family with logit connection) were extracted in the data analysis. Throughout the work it was shown that in the mathematical question, it is possible to notice that the parameters presented significance (p<0,001), which shows the existence of significant association between these variables and the mathematics grade in Enem 2016. It was admitted as satisfactory performance students who scored above the median (450 points). Six factors were selected, maintaining 63.48% of the total variation. The results showed that factor 1 (residents in Aracaju, father or mother with higher education, high family income and who never studied in a public school), factor 3 (white or yellow candidates) and factor 5 (students from regular education, who day shift and who never dropped out or failed) functioned as protective factors for poor test performance (Odds Ratio, respectively equal to 0.67, 0.95 and 0.87), while factor 2 (older candidates , married or in stable union, who have already completed high school and who work), factor 4 (candidates whose parents have only elementary or high school) and factor 6 (female and those without access to computer or internet) were verified as risk factors for satisfactory performance in Exact and Technological Sciences (Odds Ratio, respectively, 1.05, 1.03 and 1.47).O presente trabalho tem por finalidade avaliar a relação do desempenho dos estudantes do estado de Sergipe no Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM) com suas condições socioeconômicas. Por conseguinte, com o intuito de expor alguns pontos que podem ser melhorados a partir do conhecimento desses perfis nas instituições em Sergipe sob a ótica dos inscritos. Para a análise foram utilizados os microdados do ENEM 2016, disponibilizados pelo Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (INEP). Foram extraídos técnicas de Análise Fatorial (com Rotação Varimax) e Modelos Lineares Generalizados (Família Binomial com ligação logit) na análise dos dados. Ao longo do trabalho mostrou-se que no quesito matemática, é possível notar que os parâmetros apresentaram significância (p