This resource supports standard 4 of the New York math, science and technology standards. Standard 4 states: students will understand and apply scientific concepts, principles, and theories pertaining to the physical setting and living environment and recognize the historical development of ideas in science. The major understandings being supported are 2.1p and 2.1q. Major understanding 2.1p states: Landforms are the result of the interaction of tectonic forces and the processes of weathering, erosion and deposition. Major understanding 2.1q states: Topographic maps represent landforms through the use of contour lines that are isolines connecting points of equal elevation. Gradients and profiles can be determined from changes in elevation o...