Thèse en co-tutelleBrittle deformation in the inner western Alps reveals a predominance of extensional deformation: 75% of all the measured faults are normal, while 25% indicate strike-slip motions. This neogen deformation regime is synchronous with compressional tectonics recorded in external parts of the belt. Geomorphic features document a very recent and ongoing normal faulting activity within the western Alps.200 new paleostress tensors, calculated using the Direct Inversion Method [Angelier 1990] have been merged with previous data (Simplon and the Briançon areas). A dominant extension direction is orogen-parallel oriented, materialized in the form fan like pattern faults. A minor part of faults indicate an orogen-perpendicular extens...