Le système de santé français: La construction historique d'une organisation institutionnelle atypique

texte en russe, anglais et françaisInternational audienceComparative approach to health care reforms in France reveals that each historical phase had its own aims and priorities. Thus, French Revolution proclaimed that the state should be directly responsible for metting is citizens' needs. The Napoleon period was marked by the emergence of hospitals where apprenticeship relations played a key role and where emphasis was on cure rather than prevention. The 19 century saw the spread of public hospitlas where free services for the poor were combined with paid services for the rich. The Third Republic launched a comprehensive health policy aimed at providing school health services and budget allocations for sick leaves as well as the medical treatment of the needy and the aged. The universal medial insurance system was introduced in 1928. The health policies of the 50s and medical insurance system was introduced in 1938. The health policies of the 50s and 60s led to the significant increase in the number of hospitals and the number of doctors in the country. The 80s highlighted the need for more effective state control over medical care costs. The current French health policy is based ont the general belief that health care system cannot be run as a purely market enterprise. The state now plays an active role in shaping it and the system as a whole is quite lavish towards its potential clients