Hysteresis in superconducting short weak links and $\mu$-SQUIDs

11 pages, 12 figuresInternational audienceThermal hysteresis in a micron-size Superconducting Quantum Interference Device ($\mu$-SQUID), with weak links as Josephson junctions, is an obstacle for improving its performance for magnetometery. Following the "hot-spot" model of Skocpol et al. [J. Appl. Phys. {\bf 45}, 4054 (1974)] and by incorporating the temperature dependence of thermal conductivity of superconductor using a linear approximation, we find a much better agreement with the observed temperature dependence of the retrapping current in short superconducting Nb-based weak links and $\mu$-SQUIDs. In addition, using the temperature dependence of the critical current, we find that above a certain temperature hysteresis disappears. We analyze the current-voltage characteristics and the weak link temperature variation in both the hysteretic and non-hysteretic regimes. We also discuss the effect of the weak link geometry in order to widen the temperature range of hysteresis-free operation