Village transfers for the environment: Lessons from community-based development programs and the village fund

The Government of Indonesia has committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions (see Tacconi and Muttaqin, this issue), which includes reducing 29% of greenhouse gas unconditionally and somewhere between 9% and 12% conditionally (Tacconi 2018). In Indonesia, land uses including peat fires are the primary causes of emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) (Republic of Indonesia 2015)The research was supported by a grant from the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (FST/2012/040) “Enhancing Smallholder Benefits from Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Indonesia”. The funder had no involvement in the study design, conduct of the research, analysis and interpretation of data and preparation and submission of the articl