Effects of specific occupations on the reproductive system

[[abstract]]Introduction: Workers in specific occupations may be exposed to unknown, unspecified, or mixed factors, which could not be classified into a single hazard category. The current review aims to summarize and interpret updated epidemiologic evidence on the relationship between specific occupations and adverse reproductive outcomes among workers during 2006-2021. Materials and Methods: Relevant studies published during 2006-2021 were identified through the search of PubMed database using ""Reproduction""[MeSH Terms]) AND (""occupation*""OR ""Occupational Exposure""[MeSH Terms] as keywords. Only human epidemiologic studies that address specific occupations were included. Results: Among 5,441 searched articles, 116 articles were included. For farmers, agricultural workers, and greenhouse workers (28 articles), exposure to chemical agents (pesticides) was deemed to be a significant contributor, while physical load (heavy lifting) may also have some roles. For cosmetologists and hairdressers (13 articles), chemical agents (endocrine-disrupting chemicals in hair dyes, cosmetics, or other products) appeared to be crucial risk factors, while psychosocial factors (work stress) were also mentioned. For healthcare workers, primarily nurses, mixed exposure to psychosocial factors (workloads and irregular work hours), chemical agents (sterilizing agents), physical load (heavy lifting), and physical factors (radiation) were all important themes. Conclusions: Preventive interventions are suggested for precautious protection of reproductive health of both women and men, and more evidence is needed to conclude