Laboratory studies were carried out to investigate mechanisms of elemental mercury (Hg°)production in anoxic environments. The results were applied to interpret field data, obtained in tropical Petit Saut reservoir and hydromorphic soils (French Guiana, South America). The decay of flooded vegetation in the artificial lake created anoxic conditions and lead to the production of a number of reduced chemical species according to thermodynamic sequence. Principal sources of mercury in Petit Saut reservoir include the upstream goldmining area and the soils flooded during reservoir impounding. Oxygen disappearance favors mercury release from the floor to the water colurnn, where il undergoes chemical transformations. As shown by laboratory studi...