Lived experiences of women within mental health and criminal justice systems

Aim: The present systematic review encompassed qualitative research regarding the lived experiences of imprisoned mothers in Western countries separated from their children. Methods: Three databases (PsychINFO, Web of Science and Applied Social Science Index and Abstracts [ASSIA]) were systematically searched between January 2021 and March 2021 using terms informed by the aim of the review. Grey literature and reference lists were also screened for relevant articles. The search resulted in 16 studies which were relevant to the review aims based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Study findings were analysed using Atkins et al.’s (2008) four-step meta-ethnographic process. Results: Analysis revealed three themes: Motherhood, Guilt and Regret; and Children as Incentives. Maternal identity was characterised by conflicting self-perception as a “good” mother and image of self as a negative role model as a mother. Such experiences resulted in feelings of guilt and regret amongst mothers who accepted that their life choices had compromised their motherly roles. However, opportunities to maintain contact with children and reunify upon release served as an incentive for mothers to rehabilitate. Conclusions: Imprisoned mothers would benefit from enhanced opportunities to maintain attachment bonds between them and their families, with improved recognition of the dyadic impact of mother-child separation due to imprisonment. Policy recommendations include the implementation of psychologically-informed and compassion-focused approaches to support rehabilitation