New methods for new questions about rhizosphere/plant root interactions

In this opinion paper we review recent methodological developments underpinning the study of roots, the rhizosphere and interactions affecting soil functions, and explore new understanding resulting from these advances. We focus on methods that have improved our understanding of rhizodeposition, rhizosphere enzymatic processes and root growth, water and nutrient acquisition at several levels. Finally, we suggest that the future will require new methods that continue to overcome the difficulties posed by the opacity of soil, can scale results spatially and temporally, and integrate multiple aspects of rhizosphere processes simultaneously