Rigidity of maximal holomorphic representations of Kähler groups

20 pagesWe investigate representations of Kähler groups $\Gamma = \pi_1(X)$ to a semisimple non-compact Hermitian Lie group $G$ that are deformable to a representation admitting an (anti)-holomorphic equivariant map. Such representations obey a Milnor--Wood inequality similar to those found by Burger--Iozzi and Koziarz--Maubon. Thanks to the study of the case of equality in Royden's version of the Ahlfors--Schwarz Lemma, we can completely describe the case of maximal holomorphic representations. If $\dim_{\C}X \geq 2$, these appear if and only if $X$ is a ball quotient, and essentially reduce to the diagonal embedding $\Gamma < \SU(n,1) \to \SU(nq,q) \hookrightarrow \SU(p,q)$. If $X$ is a Riemann surface, most representations are deformable to a holomorphic one. In that case, we give a complete classification of the maximal holomorphic representations, that thus appear as preferred elements of the respective maximal connected components