Seismic hazard and risk are high in Ecuador. Earthquakes are notorious in history both for the number of victims (~60.000) and the hardships they have brought. Moreover, late 20th century events have highlighted evidences that the physical vulnerability of present-day buildings is considerable and that the economic impact of earthquakes could be devastating for Ecuador's sustained growth. Therefore, it is an important contribution for reducing the seismic risk to construct methodologically sound models for probabilistic seismic hazard assessment, which is the main objective of this dissertation.The first step was to construct a seismic catalog for the country where historical and instrumental seismicity is homogeneous and complete. The inst...